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1、高考英语阅读专题复习,主要内容：,一、技巧方法,阅读能力阅读心理解题方法习惯培养,二、题型分析,s,三、课后作业,一、阅读理解能力,1 理解主旨要义2 理解文中具体信息3 根据上下文猜测生词的意义4 做出简单判断的推理5 理解文章的基本结构6 理解作者的意图和态度,二、阅读心理,第一种模式：“自下而上”式。该模式强调语篇本身作用，认为阅读是一系列信息处理过程。由低级的字词解码到最终获取信息的过程。第二种模式：“自上而下”式。该模式强调读者的背景知识在理解中的作用，认为阅读是一种选择、猜测、预测、检验和证实的过程，是一种心理语言学的猜测游戏。第三种模式：“交互作用”模式，认为阅读是上述两种模式交
2、互作用过程。,1. 先看题干，带着问题读文章。2. 速读全文，了解大意知主题。 3.详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。 4. 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。,三、解题方法,四、培养良好阅读习惯,1.扩大视距2.克服声读3 克服逐字读,五、阅读题型讲解及分析,1.主旨大意题2.推理判断题3.词义推测题4.细节理解题,1.主旨大意题,主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。,常见的命题方式：,What is the main idea of this passage?What dose this passage mainly concern?T
3、he main theme of this passage is_The main point of the passage is_Which of the following is the best title for the passage?The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is_The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?,文章主题常常可
4、以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况：,1.主题句位于句首。 2.主题句位于段末。 3. 主题句首尾呼应。 4.主题句位于段落的中间。 5.主题句隐含在段意之中。,典型例子分析：,The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。 Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just as a tune-up for your car c
5、an improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。 Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switch
6、ing 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than 65 per year。 Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about 260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpgassuming the three passenge
7、rs share the cost of gas. (2008安徽卷) This passage is mainly about _。A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tipsC. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips,【解析】 本文主要介绍了如何节约能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主题很明显，文章一开始就点明了主题，接下来整篇文章都是围绕如何save energy展开，而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。故选A。 针对主旨大意类题目，应采用快速阅读法(Skimming)浏览全文。在阅读时，
8、应特别注意文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题。,2.推理判断题,推理判断题通常占总题数的15%30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理，知识推理等。 这类考题中常出现的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might
9、, may等。,常见的命题方式：,From paragraph one we can infer that_What can be inferred from the passage?We can infer from the text that?What can we learn from?We can conclude from the passage that_The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that_The author implies that_This passage would most
10、 likely be found in_The authors attitude towardis_?,推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵 ：,1.要吃透文章的字面意思 。2.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，符合逻辑地推理。 3.要忠实于原文 。4.要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。,典型例题：,As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excus
11、e. If I went to a friends house and found him not at home, his mother might say, “Oh, hes out in the woods, ” with a tone(语气) of airy acceptance. Its similar to the tone people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone Im looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even “away from his d
12、esk。” For us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while。It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence(青春期). In March,
13、 the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that were really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday even
14、ings in the high school cafeteria. (2008天津卷)55. How does the author feel about his childhood?A. Happy but short. B. Lonely but memorable。C. Boring and meaningless. D. Long and unforgettable。,【解析】 本文描述了小时侯玩耍的“树林”对与“我”和朋友们的意义。主要讲述了我们在“树林”中所从事的活动探索，以及之后随着年龄的增长，不再去那里的过程。从全文看，作者在“树林”里过的很愉快，又由最后一段可知，当我们一部
15、分人上了七年级之后。我们在“树林”中的玩耍就结束了。很短暂。因此，正确选项为A。 做这一类题时一定注意： 1.把握文中意，切勿主观臆断 2.要特别注意那些描写环境气氛、感情、态度观点的词语和作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。 3.能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。,3.词义推测题,该题型主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。 近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对猜词悟义能力的考查，试题中有一到两个小题是直接考查词义猜测的。从考查内容看主要有猜测某个生词、熟词、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代等。,常见的命题方式：,Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word? The wordcould best be replaced by? In theparagraph, the wordmeans(refers to) According to the passage,probably means The authors uses the wordto mean The wordis most likely to mean。,
