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1、,动词不定式用法归纳,概 说动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课的一个重点,也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆,动词不定式的主要用法 一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语, 没有人称和数的变化。二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(此时not不能再与助动词连用)。,三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能, 可在句中用做多种句子成分。 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补,主语: 常置于
2、句末, 而用it代替其做形式主语。例: To go in for sports helps you stay fit. It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.,返回,注: 此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出, 逻辑主语由of引出时, 表语的形容词为kind,nice, good, polite, clever, foolish, right, wrong等表示性格品质评价的形容词。,例: Its right of him to re
3、fuse the invitation. (him为逻辑主语) 点击规律: 动词不定式在句中作主语时, 除了直接作主语外, 常放在: It is adj(形容词)to do sth. 或 It is n(名词)to do sth. 句型中, it仅作形式主语。,动 词 宾 语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例:would you like to see my photos?Kevin planned to visit his uncle 类似用法的词还有:start, want, agree, hope, begin, decide, agree, love, like, hate, pref
4、er等。,I found it very difficult to get a job. (it为形式宾语)点击规律:这些动词后面除接不定式外, 还可以接动名词, 意思区别不大。提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。I like swimming,but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳, 但我现在不想游。,stop, forget, remember, go on, try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板:,stop to do sth. : 停止一件事,去做另一件事。
5、 stop doing sth. :停止正在做的事。 例如: When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking; 当老师走进来时, 学生们停止说话; when he came out, the students stopped to talk 当老师走出去时, 学生们又开始说话。,2) 思考: forget, remember, go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别? 点击规律:在findfeelitadjto do sth句型中,it是形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。,返回,如: The man d
6、ownstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text 点击规律: 某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 又可接动名词作宾语, 二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分, 如上页的stop例句。,表 语放在连系动词be后面 例句: His wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the environment.The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives.
7、当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 点击规律: 动词不定式在句中作表语时, 通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。,返回,定 语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词 、代词的后面。例: He is the first person to sail around the world. I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点击规律: 动词不定式若在句中作定语, 常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。,返回,提示板: 如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系, 且动词是不及物动词, 切记不要忘掉
8、后面的介词。如: I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with?,作 状 语 a.目的状语: 放在go, come, use, live, in order等词后面.如: I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to look at,返回,b. 原因状语: 放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappoi
9、nted, excited等词后面。(有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后, 对其进行补充说明, 作形容词补足语)如: I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you,c. 作结果状语。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people,宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to: tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, warn, wish, help,
10、 get, wish, 等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例: I asked a friend to read it to me I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write,返回,(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see, watch, hear, feel, make, let, have, observe, notice, help等)后不带to 的不定式作宾补。如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing
11、in the next room,提示板: 若变成被动语态, 在上述结构中, 不定式符号to要加上。如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room,“疑问词不定式”用法 不定式前可带what,who,which,where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词, 这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例: He didnt tell me where to go. (直宾) I dont know what to say now.(宾语) I
12、 dont know what to do next. (宾语) He taught us how to use the computer(宾语补足语),返回,Its still a question how to get there(主语) 在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(to be+过去分词)”例: There are twenty more trees to be planted.,根据句意, 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Its time for us _ (have) supper 2. Would you like _ (go) shopping with me
13、? 3. It took us half an hour _ (work) out the problem,to go 主语,to go 宾语,to work 主语,4. He is old enough _ (join) the army 5. I feel strange _ (have) a twin sister 6. I am very glad _ (meet) you here7They prefer _ (stay) at home rather than go out,to join 结果状语,to have 形容词补足语(原),to meet 形容词补足语(原),to st
14、ay 宾语,8. We saw them_ (come) into the room just now 9. What he said made me_ (feel) sorry 10. I am sorryI forgot_ (tell) you the news 11. His plan is _ (spend) a few days in the mountains,to come 宾补,to feel 宾补,to tell 宾语,to spend 表语,12. Have you got anything _ (say)? 13. Have you decided which one _ (choose)? 14. Do you know when_ (start)? 15. He is too weak _ (carry) the big stone,to say 定语,to choose 定语,to start 不定式短语作宾语,to carry 结果状语,THANK YOU,Hi, relax yourself!,