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1、 必修 5 Unit1 Great scientistsPart 1. Warming up1. explain 及物动词（vt.）解释;说明;阐明(+to)+wh-+(that)He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解Ive got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。2.
2、 characteristic n. 特征；特性 Kindness is one of his characteristics.adj. 独特的 I heard my friends characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of hin. 如此迟钝是他的特性。3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?put forward 提出（建议等） ；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨He put forward a new p
3、lan. 他提出一个新计划。May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？归纳拓展put down 记下；镇压 put out 关掉；熄灭put aside 放在一边；储存；保留 put off 推迟；延期put up 建造；举起；张贴 put on 穿上put away 收好Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific res
4、earchhow to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。2.draw a conclusion 得出结论1）conclusion 作名词，意为“结束，结论” come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 最后 I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。2）conclude 作动词， “结束；断定；决定”。to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= t
5、o sum up)3.John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 约翰 斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。expert n. 专家，能手 an expert in psychology（心理学） an agricultural expert adj. 熟练的，有专门技术的 an expert job 需专门知识的工作He is expert in / at co
6、oking.attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料 be present at 参加 attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve 伺候, 照顾，看护The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her.Dr Smith attended her in hospital. Mother had to attend to her sick son. attend to 处理，注意倾听Can you attend to th
7、e matter immediately?I may be late I have got one or two things to attend to.4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。(1) exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：(2) expose暴露 expose sb/sth to sth 揭露exposed adj.
8、暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的 exposedness n. 暴露，显露expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿骗局5.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。neither.nor.既不也不，连接句中两个相同成分。Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film.Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过
9、这部电影。cure vt. 治疗,治愈,改正 n. 治疗,治愈,治疗法cure sb （of sth）治好了某人（的 .,.)a cure for sth.治疗的方法; 解决问题，改善困境6.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。(1)本句为复合句， “So many thousands of terrified people died” 为主句，every time 引导时间状语从句，意思是“每当”。(
10、2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：every time，each time，the last time，next time，the moment，the minute， immediately，instantly 等。Every time/Each time I express an opinion，she argues back.每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I arrived here.我一到这里就感到耳目一新。拓
11、展延伸 (1)for the first time 是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而 the first time 是连词，引导时间状语从句。(2)It is the first time that.如果前面用 is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用 was，则从句动词用过去完成时.(3)Its (high) time that.从句动词用过去时或 should动词原形。Its high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。7.The first suggested that cholera
12、multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。suggest v. 建议；暗示；表明 suggest+doing / sth. / that sb. (should) do sth.*suggest (暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。8.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodie
13、s with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。absorb vt.(1)专注，聚精会神be absorbed input ones heart into 集中精力做某事（2）吸收，把吸收入（absorb.into.）suspect vt. 认为，怀疑常用短语：suspect sth to be; suspect sb of doing sth.They suspect him to be the murderer.(他们怀疑他是凶手) n. 嫌疑犯;可疑分子C10 .,the cholera outbreak was so severe that mor
14、e than 500 people died in ten days.severe adj. 严厉地；苛刻的；严格的be severe with/on 对.严格/严厉 You are too severe on the boy.剧痛的；剧烈的；严重的 a severe attack of toothache 牙痛的剧烈发作adv. severely11.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. 接下来，约翰 斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。look into 调查，了解，研究；朝里面看与 o
15、nes face/eyes 等连用，表示“注视” He looks into her face with great interest. 他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。和 look 组成的其他短语look around/about 环顾四周look after 照顾；照料 look back 回头看 look back on 回顾；回想look down upon 轻视，瞧不起 look for 寻求；寻找look forward to (doing) 盼望 look on 旁观look on/upon.as 把看作look out 往外看；注意；当心 look through 浏览 look u
16、p 抬头看；查看look up to sb. 尊敬/仰慕某人12. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来要归罪于饮用水了。blame v. 责备；谴责；把归咎于 n. 过失；责备;(过失、过错等)责任 blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.为某事责备某人 / 责备某人做了某事They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人; 因某事而指责某人 The police blamed the traffic accident on jacks careless dr
