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1、虚拟语气动词语气是用来表明说话人的看法和态度的。英语中的语气有三种： 陈述语气：表示说话人认为他所表述的是事实，可用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句，可以是肯定的、也可以是否定的。如： If he comes here, I shall tell him.如果他来这里，我会告诉他。（他很可能来） 祈使语气：表示对说话对方的要求、命令、请求、警告等，用于祈使句中。如：Lock up the door.把门锁上。（表达命令） 虚拟语气：表示所说的话是一种假设、主观愿望、建议、推测等。 如：I wish he could come.我希望他能来就好了。（表达愿望） He suggested that we
2、( should ) come another day.他建议我们改天来。（ 表建议 ） 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用：英语中 if 从句有两种：一种是以陈述语气叙述的叫做真实条件句，说明所提出的假想是可以实现的；另一种是以虚拟语气叙述的，叫非真实条件句，说明所提出的假想实现的可能性极小或与事实相反。这种虚拟语气一般因所指的时间的不同而分三种情况： 表示与现在事实相反：If + 从句主语 + 动词的过去式，主语+should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形（be 一般用 were）如：If I were you, I would go by plane.如果我是你，我将坐飞
3、机去。（ In fact I am not you. ）If he were here, he would decide what to do.如果他在这里，他会决定做什么。（In fact he isnt here.）If I had the letter at hand, I would read it.如果我手头有这封信的话，我会读它的。（In fact I dont have the letter at hand.）If she knew about it now, she would come.如果她现在要是知道这件事的话，她会来的。（In fact she doesnt know
4、about it.）If he had time, he would go with you.如果他有时间，他会同你一起去的。（In fact he is very busy, so he cant go with you.） 表示与过去事实相反：If + 从句主语 + had + 过去分词，主语+should/ would/ could/ might +have +过去分词如：If he had come here yesterday, I should have told him.如果他昨天到这里来，我早就告诉他了。 (Fact: He did not come and I did not
5、 tell him.)If I had taken his advice, I wouldnt have made such a mistake.如果我当时接受了他的劝告，我是不会犯那样一个错误的。(Fact: I didnt take his advice and I made such a mistake.)If I hadnt been so busy last Monday, I would have called her.如果我上周一不忙的话，我早就给她打电话了。(Fact: I was busy last Monday and I didnt call her.)与将来事实可能相反
6、：动词的过去式， If + 从句主语 + should +动词原形， + 主语 + should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形were to +动词原形，如：If it should snow/snowed/were to snow tomorrow, I would not go out.如果明天下雪的话，我就不出去了。 (But I know it wont snow tomorrow.）If he failed/should fail/were to fail, he would try again.如果他失败的话，他会再试一次。(I know that mos
7、t probably he wont fail.）If I had time next year, I would study German.如果我明年有时间的话，我就学德语。(I know that most probably I wont have time next year.) 在书面语中，有时 if 虚拟从句可使用倒装形式，方法是：如果 if 从句中含有 were, had 或 should 时，把条件从句中的 if 省略，将 were/ should/ had 移至主语之前。如：If I were in his place, I should learn to drive. Wer
8、e I in his place, I should learn to drive.如果我处于他的地位，我一定学开车。If it should snow tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. Should it snow tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.如果明天下雪，会议将会延期。If they had helped us, we would have succeeded. Had they helped us, we would have succeeded.如果他们帮助了我们，我们早就成功了。If it
9、 were to snow tomorrow, what would you do? Were it to snow tomorrow, what would you do?万一明天下雪的话，你怎么办。 如果从句和主句所表示的动作发生的时间不一致，例如：一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反，动词的虚拟语气形式应根据所指的实际时间来选用。如：If he were alive, he might have finished his scientific researches on the bridge-building three years ago.如果他现在还活着，他可能三年前就完成了他的
10、桥梁建筑科研工作了。（从句所表示的动作与现在事实相反，主句所表示的动作与过去事实相反）If you had followed his advice, you would not be in trouble now.如果你当初听从他的建议，你现在就不会陷入这种困境了。（从句表示的动作与过去相反，主句所表示的动作与现在相反）If I had followed the doctors advice, I would be quite all right now.如果我当时听从了医生的建议，我现在就完全恢复了健康。（从句所表示的动作与过去相反，主句所表示的动作与现在相反）If I were you,
11、I would have gone with her.如果我是你，我早就和她一起去了。（从句表示与现在事实相反，主句所表示的动作与过去事实相反） 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示如：We could have done better under more favourable conditions.在更有利的条件下，我们还可以做得更好些。Without the warmth and light of the sun, the earths vegetation would die almost immediately.如果没有太阳的热量和光，地球上的植物几乎会马
12、上死去。 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式来表现：如：I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet.我那天生病了，否则就参加运动会了。But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.要是没有碰到暴风雨，我们还会早一些到的。I would have written before, but I have been ill.本来该早就给你写信的，但我生病了。 虚拟语气在 wish 后的宾语从句中的应用：wish 的各种时态都不影响从句的时态 与
13、现在事实相反的愿望：wish + 从句主语+ 动词的过去式如：He wishes he were a bird.他希望自己是一只小鸟。I wish I were ten years younger.真希望自己年轻十岁。I wish I remembered the address.我要是记得地址就好了。 与过去事实相反的愿望：wish + 从句主语+ had + 动词的过去分词如：She wished she had been braver then.她真希望那时她胆子大一些。I wish he had gone to the exhibition.要是他去参观展览会就好了。I wish yo
14、u had been here yesterday.要是你昨天在这里就好了。We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.但愿我们过去对发音注意得更多一些。 与将来事实可能相反的愿望：wish + 从句主语+ should/would/could/might + 动词原形如：We wish that he could be with us tomorrow.但愿他明天和我们在一起。I wish he would try again.我希望他还能再试一次。 虚拟语气在 suggest, demand, propose, comma
15、nd, request, desire, order, insist 等动词之后的宾语从句中，表示命令和建议： suggest/ demand/ propose/ command/ request/ desire/ order/ insist/ask(请求，要求)+(that) + sb.+ (should ) +动词原形如：We suggest that the meeting (should) be postponed.我们建议会议延期。They insist that he (should ) obey every command.他们坚持他该服从命令。The chairman prop
16、osed that they (should) stop the meeting.主席建议他们把会议停下来。The leader ordered the soldiers (should) be sent to the front at once.那位领导人下令马上派兵上前线。They asked that arrangements (should) be made to send the comrades back to Beijing.他们要求作好安排把这些同志送回北京。The workers demanded that their wages (should) be increased.工人们要求增加工资。suggest 的主语如果不是指人，而是指某一现象
