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1、- -侧馈微带天线的研究与设计摘 要 近年来，随着无线通信产业的蓬勃发展，诸如手机、WLAN 无线网卡、射频识别（RFID） 、蓝牙和全球卫星定位系统（GPS）等产品都需要使用天线来发射和接收无线电信号。微带天线一般应用在 150GHz 频率范围，特殊的天线也可用于几十兆赫兹。微带天线以其体积小、重量轻、低剖面等独特的优点引起了相关领域的广泛重视。设计这种天线首先要保证它的谐振频率不能发生偏离。本文给出了侧馈微带天线 详细的设计流程,首先根据理论经验公式初步计算出矩形微带天线的尺寸，然后在 HFSS 软件里建模仿真，根据仿真结果反复调整天线的尺寸， 直到中心频率不偏离。微带天线固有的缺陷是窄带
2、性，它的窄带性主要是受尺寸的影响，本文在不改变天线中心频率的前提下，通过理论经验公式与仿真软件的结合，给出了微带天线比较合理的尺寸。由驻波比仿真结果，可以看出在438MHz-450MHz 频率范围内，驻波比 VSWR2.5，符合设计要求。关键词: 矩形微带天线 驻波比 增益 HFSS - I -Research and design of side-fed microstrip antennaAuthor: Wang Yongchao(Grade 09,Class 1，Major of Electronic and Information Engineering，School of Physi
3、cs and Telecommunication Engineering， Shaanxi University of Technology，Hanzhong 723003，Shaanxi)Tutor:Jia JiankeAbstract：In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless communication industry, such as mobile phones, wlan wireless LAN, radio frequency identification (RFID), Bluetooth and satel
4、lite global positioning system (GPS) and other products require the use of antennas to transmit and receive radio signals. Microstrip antennas are generally used in the 1 50GHz frequency range, the antenna can also be used for special tens of MHz.Microstrip antennas are caused wide related field wit
5、h its small volume, light weight, low profile, and other unique advantages. If the antenna is designed, First design of the antenna must ensure that its resonance frequency can not be deviated. The details of the design process are given in this paper, According to preliminary theoretical empirical
6、formula to calculate the dimensions of a rectangular microstrip antenna, and then modeling and simulation in HFSS software, according to the simulation results to adjust the size of the antenna again and again, until the center frequency does not deviate. inherent flaws of microstrip antenna is narr
7、ow bandwidth, the narrow bandwidth influence by size, when does not change the premise of the center frequency of the antenna, through a combination of empirical formula theoretical and simulation software, the reasonable size of microstrip antenna is given. Simulation results from the VSWR, as can
8、be seen in the 438MHz-450MHz frequency range, the standing wave VSWR less than 2.5, comply with the design requirements. Keywords： rectangular microstrip antenna standing wave ratio the gain HFSS目 录1 绪论 .11.1 课题研究背景及意义 .11.2 微带天线的定义及分类 .11.3 微带天线的性能 .11.4 微带天线的应用 .21.5 微带天线发展方向 .22 微带天线理论 .32.1 微带天线
9、的分析方法概述 .32.1.1 传输线模型法 .32.1.2 有限元法 .42.1.3 其他分析方法 .52.2 展宽微带天线频带和提高增益的主要方法 .52.2.1 展宽微带天线频带的方法 .52.2.2 提高增益技术 .63 矩形微带贴片天线 .73.1 结构和设计要求 .73.2 矩形微带贴片天线的辐射原理 .83.3 矩形微带天线的馈电方法 .83.3.1 微带线馈电 .83.3.2 同轴线馈电 .93.4 确定矩形微带天线尺寸 .93.4.1 确定介质板 .93.4.2 确定辐射片宽度 W .103.4.3 确定辐射片长度 L .103.4.4 基板尺寸的确定 .103.5 电参数
10、.103.5.1 输入阻抗 .103.5.2 驻波比 .113.5.3 方向图 .113.5.4 带宽 .11I4 444 MHZ矩形微带天线设计及仿真 .124.1 设计要求 .124.2 理论分析 .124.3 阻抗匹配的定义及意义 .124.4 阻抗匹配原理 .134.5 侧馈下天线阻抗匹配方法 .134.6 ANSOFT仿真 .134.6.1 HFSS 仿真软件的介绍 .134.6.2 HFSS 软件仿真流程图 .144.6.3 HFSS 仿真设计 .144.6.4 矩形微带贴片天线的性能参数的仿真结果 .174.6.5 设计结论 .195 总结与展望 .20参考文献 .21致谢 .22附录 A：外文文献 .23附录 B：外文翻译 .28陕西理工学院毕业设计第 0 页
