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1、 华中科技大学博士学位论文传导冷却高温超导储能磁体的电磁热综合分析姓名：戴陶珍申请学位级别：博士专业：电力系统及其自动化指导教师：唐跃进;李敬东20060511 摘 要*传导冷却高温超导磁体系统具有维护方便、轻便和紧凑、安全性好、效率高等诸多优点，正在从初期的低电流小型实验用磁体系统，向实用化的磁体系统发展。随着高温超导线材性能的提高和价格的降低，传导冷却的高温超导磁体系统具有广阔的应用前景。本文构造了高温超导储能磁体在各种运行状态的计算模型，基于电磁场、应力场和温度场理论，综合分析了传导冷却的高温超导储能磁体的电磁特性，机械特性和热稳定性。具体作了以下几方面的工作：1.完成了高温超导储能磁体
2、的电磁概念设计，分别对磁体的螺管型和环型结构进行了研究，对不同磁体结构进行优化并对优化结果进行比较；对储能容量在10 MJ以下的磁体的应力分布和杂散场状况进行比较；比较了层绕式和饼式两种不同绕制方式的磁体的磁场特性。2.分别对高温超导磁体中高温超导体产生的交流损耗和导冷结构中常态导体的涡流损耗进行了研究，综述了高温超导体交流损耗模型，提出了高温超导储能磁体的交流损耗计算方法，分析了储能磁体交流损耗各分量随直流幅值的变化关系；计算了磁体导冷结构各部分的涡流损耗，提出了有效减小涡流损耗的导冷片结构。3.建立了高温超导储能磁体在热扰动下的模型，仿真了磁体在热扰动幅值和持续时间变化下磁体的热响应，比较
3、了局部出现多点扰动下磁体的热响应，提出了改进磁体热稳定性的方法；建立了高温超导储能磁体在直流背场下施加一定交流电流情况下的模型，仿真了磁体不同交流工况下的热响应，分析了导冷结构的改善对磁体热稳定性影响；针对两种不同导冷结构模型，仿真了磁体在过电流下磁体的响应和恢复特性，并对两种结果进行比较。4.在对磁体电磁设计、损耗分析和热稳定性研究的基础上，探索了高温超导储能磁体的综合优化问题，提出了二次优化的概念，并给出了一个磁体优化实例，对优化前后结果进行比较，优化后效果显著。*本学位论文依托的课题研究受到国家 863 计划项目资助I 5.分析了35kJ磁体在直流运行状态的电磁特性，计 算了磁体在进行功
4、率交换时高温超导体的交流损耗和导冷结构中的涡流损耗，仿真了磁体功率交换时磁体内部温度场分布，并与实验结果进行比较，验证了仿真结果的正确性，最后提出了减小磁体涡流损耗，提高磁体热稳定性的措施。本文对高温超导储能磁体的电磁热进行了系统的分析，建立磁体在各种工况下的仿真模型，这些模型和对这些模型的分析方法可以推广到其它的高温超导磁体的分析和研究。关键词：高温超导储能磁体电磁设计交流损耗涡流损耗热分析优化II AbstractConduction-cooled High Temperature Superconducting Magnetic Energy StorageSystem(HTS SMES
5、) have many advantages such as easy maintenance, portable, safe andhigh efficiency. Now mini-type Cryocooled-HTS SMES is developed and will bedeveloped for practice. With the development of HTS wires, the price of HTS SMES willfinally go down and it will be widely used in the future.HTS SMES magnet,
6、 in this paper, adopted cryocooler-cooled cooling method. Basedon electromagnetic field theory, stress field theory and temperature field theory, theelectromagnetic and thermal characteristics are analyzed. The numerical model in variousconditions is presented. The paper mainly contains five parts a
7、s follows:1. The electromagnetic conceptual design of HTS SMES magnet is completed in thispaper. HTS magnet of solenoid and torus is investigated and optimized, and the result ispresented and compared. The stress distribution and stray distribution are compared withcapacity range between 1MJ and 10M
8、J. Then, electromagnetic characteristics of the helicaland pancake are compared, which is referred as ac loss analysis.2. The ac loss in HTS superconductor part and eddy loss in cooling configuration ofHTS SMES magnet are analyzed respectively. The models of ac loss in HTSSuperconductor are introduc
9、ed, and the numerical model of ac loss in the HTS coil ispresented. The relationship between the ac loss component of HTS coil and direct current isstudied. The eddy loss of cooling configuration is analyzed and a new configuration ofcooling plate is present. With the new configuration, the eddy los
10、s will be reducedefficaciously.3. The thermal model of HTS SMES with heat disturbance is present. The thermalresponses of magnet with different amplitude of heat disturbance and different time issimulated. The thermal stability of magnet with different number of local disturbance spotis compared. Th
11、e method to improve the thermal stability of HTS coil is presented.Secondly, the thermal response in different ac condition is simulated, and the thermalstability of HTS magnet is analyzed by different cooling configuration. At last, the thermalIII analysis and recovery characteristics in over-curre
12、nt state are analyzed with two model asmention above, the results are compared and discussed.4. Based on electromagnetic design, analysis result of ac loss and study on thermalstability, and investigated the optimization by synthesis. The concept about two stepoptimization on electromagnetic and the
13、rmal design of HTS SMES is presented, an optimalexample is presented. The optimal result is evident by comparison.5. The electromagnetic characteristics of 35 kJ HTS SMES magnet are analyzed. Theac loss of HTS superconductor and eddy loss of the cooling configuration in exchangepower state is comput
14、ed. The distribution of the temperature field of HTS SMES magnet ispresented and compared with experiment result. The simulation is proved correct. At last ,the measure is presented to reduce eddy loss and improve the thermal stability.The paper analyzed the electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal c
15、haracteristics,present the numerical model, workout a series of useful program. The model and methodfor HTS SMES can be used widely in HTS magnet.Keywords: HTS SMES Electromagnetic design ac losseddy loss thermal analysis optimizationIV 独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知，除文中已经标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到，本声明的法律结果由本人承担。学位论文作者签名：戴陶珍日期： 2006年 5月 14日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权华中科技大学可以将本学位论文
