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1、- 1 -高中英语语法之情态动词（一）情态动词的定义 ：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 （二）情态动词的特点 ：1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带 to 的不定式）一起构成谓语（除 ought to 作固定词组看待） 。4) 否定式在后面加 not He could be here soon. 他很快就来。We cant carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 She cant carry the heavy box.Im sorry I cant help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。 What have you
2、 been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要） You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经） （三）情态动词有四类：只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to 可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need, dare 可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to 情态动词表猜测（四）情态动词的基本用法 1. can
3、 (could) 1）表示能力，could 主要指过去时间。 He can play table tennis quite well.Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上） 。The temperature can fall to 60, that is 60 below freezing.气温可降至60，也就是零下 60。He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。You mustnt smoke
4、 while youre walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。3）表示允许。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？H
5、e cant (couldnt) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？- 2 -5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。2. may (might) 1）表允许，might 可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。He told
6、me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。-May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？ -Yes, please. / Certainly. - Please dont ./ Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.2）表可能（事实上） 。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。 She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。 He was afra
7、id they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。3) 用于祈使句，表示祝愿，句式需倒装。May you return safe and sound.3. must1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志） 。We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。You must see the doctor.You mustnt talk to her like that.
8、你不可能那样对她说话。 -Must we hand in our exercisebooks now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？ -No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 不必。 （这种情况下，一般不用mustnt） 2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。She must be watching TV now. Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻
9、石项链，一定很有钱。3) 表示 “偏要，硬要”做某事If you must smoke, please go out.4. shall 1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？Shall we put off the sports meeting until next week?Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？ 2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 You
10、shall do as I say. 按我说的做。 （命令） You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。 （允诺） - 3 -He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。 （警告） Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）5. will 1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 None is so b
11、lind as those who wont see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。 If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。2）表请求，用于疑问句。 Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。 Wont you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？ Would you like to come to my party?3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水
12、就不能活。 The door wont open. 这门打不开。 The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。 Wood would float on the water.6. should 1）表劝告，建议。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做） ，用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 You shouldnt waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 2）表推测，意为“想必一
13、定、照说应该、估计”等。 The film should be very good as it is starring firstclass actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。 They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 3）表示意外；惊异。常用:Why/ How should?Why should I help him? He has never done anything for me.7. ought to1）表劝告，建议，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做） ，口气比 should 稍重。 You are his fath
14、er. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。 You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。 Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。 Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。8.would 1）表意愿。 They would not let him in because he was poorly
15、dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。 I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？ - 4 -Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？They wouldnt have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she
16、would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。When he was young, he would listen to music alone in his room.9. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。 There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。 I usednt (didnt use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。Used you (Did you use) to go to s
