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1、1非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的定义及其形式1. 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。它不受人称和数的限制。2. 非谓语动词的形式 动名词：doing 不定式：to do请看下列句子：I enjoy music . I enjoy listening to music. I want water. I want to drink water.构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的
2、构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成功能 例句 说明主语 Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 动词宾语介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语 His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语
3、。定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。2二、动名词的句法功能1.动名词作主语动名词作主语相当于一个名词，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式（1）动名词作主语的句型1）Doing.+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is n
4、o good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football打篮球很有趣。It is a waste of time trying to explain设法解释是浪费时间。3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive 等形容词)+ doing sthIt is useless speaking.光说没用。It is nice seeing you again真高兴又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is ex
5、pensive runningLooking after us was a full-time job,so she stay at home.Collecting stamps is interesting.*动名词作主语表示抽象概念或一般性的动作或情况。当动名词作主语时常用 it 作形式主语。如在 it is no use/no good/not any use/not any good/useless doing sth. 句式中，就用 it 作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语；而动词不定式做主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。 。It is no use discussing this matt
6、er with him.To play with fire here is dangerous.2.动名词（短语）作表语动名词（短语）做表语通常位于系动词 be 之后。句子主语一般表示无生命的事物的名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。表语和主语是对等的关系，两者的位置可以互换。My job is teaching. (teaching is my job)*现在分词与动名词作表语的区别：动名词作表语说明主语的内容，回答 what 的问题，表语和主语几乎处于同等地位，可以互换位置，句意不变；现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，说明主语的性质、特征等，回答 how 的问题；The game is i
7、nteresting.3.动名词（短语）作宾语动名词作及物动词的宾语，又可以作介词的宾语。英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, miss, imagine, risk, permit, forgive, enjoy, escape, admit, avoid, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。置于所修饰词之前。3spend.（in）, feel lik
8、e, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, cant help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）动名词作介词宾语。注意下列短语中的 to 都是介词，后接名词或动名词：be/get use to 习惯于， pay atte
9、ntion to, lead to, prefer doing sth.to doing sth, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, on the/way to, as to 关于。另外，表示征求意见的“how/what about？Do you care about protecting the environment and saving engery?I look forward to coming home.4.动名词（短语）作定语动名词作定语修饰名词，表示该名词性质、功能、用途等Walking stick swimm
10、ing poolDrinking water waiting roomSleeping bag parking lot*现在分词与动名词作定语的区别：表示动作的是现在分词，表示性质、功能、用途的是动名词。现在分词作定语与被修饰词之间常有主谓关系。She brought a sleeping bag yesterday.(a bag for sleeping)There is a sleeping baby under the tree.(who is sleeping)（二）动词不定式1、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用 to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无
11、词义，动词不定式的否定形式是 not+（to+）动词原形。2、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句 说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语What sports
12、 does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。4他喜欢打篮球。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略 to。定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to
13、the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为： It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在 kind，good，nice，clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用 for
14、而用 of。如：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrongIts very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that.
15、你那样做真是太聪明啦。间或也可用 for + there to be 表示（而且 there 后面的不定式只能是 to be） 。Its a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。2)动名词的逻辑主语为；人称代词的所有格+动名词；名词s+动名词。例如：Tom insisted on my going with them他坚持要我和他们一起去。He dislikes his wifes working late他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。2. 不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的
16、这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： agree, choose, decide, expect, long(渴望)， manage（设法）, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, want, wish，hopewould like, like 等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？They want to leave. 他们想要离开。在 find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day. 3. 不定式作宾语补足语5不定式作宾语补足语时与
