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1、第二部分 语法专项突破,第六讲非谓语动词,一、非谓语作定语的用法,单个的现在分词多前置，现在分词短语一般后置,doing表示主动being done表示被动,动作正在进行,单个的过去分词多前置，过去分词短语常后置,被动,动作已经完成,后置,to do表示主动,to be done表示被动,动作尚未发生,(2013高考辽宁卷)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail waiting for her.Laura去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她(处理
2、)。You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.你不能接受别人提供给你的意见，除非它有事实依据。(2013高考四川卷)The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年即将竣工的机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。,温馨提示表示心理状态的动词ing形式，意为“令人的”；动词ed形式，意为“(人)感到的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression,tears,smile,voice
3、等名词。,(2013高考天津卷)In some languages,100 words make up half of all words _ in daily conversations.Ausing Bto use Chaving used Dused解析：句意：在一些语言中，100个单词占了日常对话所使用的所有单词的一半。题干中make up是谓语动词，_in daily conversations作后置定语，修饰words，words与use之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词used。,D,二、非谓语动词作状语,1.表示目的2表示结果不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前面常加o
4、nly。,(2013高考山东卷)I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.(2012高考山东卷)George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.,一般式,doing,表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生,与句子的主语是主动关系。,完成式,having done,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。,被动式,having been done,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,与句子的主语是被动关系。,(2013高考湖南卷)The
5、sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.(2013高考大纲全国卷)I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 730 train from Paddington.(2012高考重庆卷)Having been asked to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.,过去分词作状语时,与句子主语之间是被动关系。,Seen from the top of the mounta
6、in，the city is very beautiful.Seeing from the top of the hill,we find the park even more beautiful.,1(2013高考湖南卷)_warm at night，I would fill the woodstove，then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.AStaying BStayed CTo stay DStay解析：句意：晚上为了取暖，我会填满柴炉，然后为闹钟定时以便半夜里能起来再添一次。根据语境可知此处用动词不定式作目的
7、状语，故答案为C。为了突出目的，通常把目的状语置于句首。,C,2(2013高考安徽卷)_ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.ATo found BFounding CFounded DHaving founded解析：句意：这所学校创建于20世纪早期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。the school与found之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。,C,3(2013高考山东卷)_ at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to eat t
8、here again.AHaving eaten BTo eat CEat DEating 解析：句意：以前在那家自助餐馆吃过饭，蒂娜不想再去那里吃了。解答本题的关键是分析句子结构。句子的主语Tina与eat构成主动关系，需用doing；再根据句中的关键词before知“eat”这一动作发生在主句谓语动词“didnt want”之前,故用doing的完成形式having done,因此本题选having eaten。,A,三、非谓语动词/动词短语作宾语,hope，want，offer，long，fail，expect，wish，ask，decide，pretend，manage，agree，a
9、fford，determine，promise，happen,mind，miss，enjoy，imagine，practise，suggest，finish，escape，excuse，appreciate，admit，prevent，keep，dislike，avoid，risk，resist，consider,cant help，feel like，succeed in，be fond of，object to，get down to，be engaged in，insist on，think of，be proud of，take pride in，set about，be afraid
10、 of，be tired of，look forward to，devote oneself to，be worth，be busy，pay attention to，stick to,意义基本相同,begin，start，like，love，hate，prefer，continue(接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为),need，want，require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式),stop to do(停止手中事，去做另一件事)stop doing(停止正在做的事),意义相反,意义不同,remember/forget/regret to do(
11、指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生),go on to do(接着做另一件事)go on doing(接着做同一件事),try to do(设法，努力去做，尽力)try doing(试着去做，看有何结果),mean to do(打算做，企图做)mean doing(意思是，意味着),cant help to do(不能帮忙做)，cant help doing(忍不住要做),Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.比尔建议开
12、一个关于假期期间为世博会做些什么的会议。I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺,并记得在那里所看到的一切。(2012高考安徽卷)I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.在离开办公室前我记住了关门，但是忘记了关灯。,(2012高考福建卷)China recently tightened its waters controls near
13、 the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _in the South China Sea.Aattacking Bhaving attackedCbeing attacked Dhaving been attacked,C,解析：考查动名词被动形式。根据题干中出现的“prevent Chinese fishing boats from _”可知此处考查“prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.”结构。根据题意“中国最近加紧了对黄岩岛附近水域的控制，为的是防止中国渔船在中国南海受到攻击”可判断渔船(
14、fishing boats)应该是“被攻击”,故应选择动名词的被动形式,从而排除表示主动形式的A和B两项;D项having been attacked为动名词的完成被动式，表示动作已完成，而题干句意并未表明渔船已经受到了攻击,故排除D项,正确答案为C。,四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语,ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage(带to),have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make(不带to),主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成。,I asked him to help me.我喊他帮助我。I heard
15、him call me several times.我听见他叫了我好几次。,notice，see，watch，hear，find，keep，have，feel,主谓关系。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成。,动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态。,I found her listening to the radio.我发现她在听录音机。,We found the village greatly changed.我们发现这个村庄变化很大。,1(2013高考新课标全国卷)They might just have a place_on the writing coursewhy dont you give i
16、t a try?Aleave Bleft Cleaving Dto leave解析：考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：在写作课程上，他们可能还有一个名额你为什么不试试呢？宾语a place与leave(剩下)为逻辑上的动宾关系，故答案为B项。,B,2(2013高考北京卷)When we saw the road_with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.Ablock Bto block Cblocking Dblocked解析：句意：当看到道路被雪堵住的时候，我们决定在家里度假。分析结构可知，此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构；宾补是do形式时，表示“看见宾语做某事的整个过程”;宾语是doing形式时，表示“看见宾语正在做某事”；若宾补与宾语之间为动宾关系，则要用过去分词作宾补。分析结构可知，此处block与宾语the road之间为动宾关系，应用blocked作宾补，故正确答案为D项。解此类试题，分析宾语与宾补的逻辑关系是解题关键。,
