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1、 摘要据近年来的油气勘探和开发实践表明，低渗透气藏作为一种典型的油气藏类型在我国的各大油气田和各含油气盆地中都有广泛分布。低渗透气藏的储集介质类型大部分都是低渗透砂岩，这种岩类成岩作用十分强烈，结构紧密，其基质渗透率极低，因此，低渗透气藏的开发难度较大。国内多采用水力压裂方式提高其采收率，但由于裂缝形成和分布的复杂性，井中压裂液以及地层水与天然气的相互作用使此类低渗透气藏的开发难度进一步加大。目前，此类气藏的储量动用程度低，开发效果不够理想，经济效益差，因此，研究低渗透气藏的气水两相渗流物理特征及其应用技术，对改善此类低渗透气藏的开发效果，提高其经济效益，保证我国天然气工业持续稳定的发展有重要
2、意义。本文针对新场气田低渗气藏难动用储量开发与开采技术研究的需要，从德阳岩心库中选取了一些有代表性的样品开展应力敏感、可动水饱和度、以及反渗吸水锁启动压力等渗流物理特性实验测试研究。结果表明，在相同的驱替压差下，渗透率大的岩心其累计可动水饱和度更大、束缚水饱和度更低;随着压力平方梯度的变大，渗透率逐渐增大，这是和含水饱和度相关的,并且渗透率随压力平方梯度增大而增加的这个过程，均经历了急剧增大随后增长放缓，持续增加的阶段，这说明含水饱和度减小使渗透率增大，其对渗透率的影响也是先大后逐渐变小的。本文通过实验结果推导出了考虑反渗吸水锁效应的产能公式，并将研究成果应用于新场低渗低压气藏气井产能和生产动
3、态分析中，对实验结果的实用性进行了综合分析，从而为该类气藏的物理模拟研究和应用提出指导性意见。关键词:低渗透气藏、气水两相、水锁启动压力、反渗吸效应、可动水饱和度 AbstractThe exploitation and development of gas and oil nowadays proved that low permeability gas reservoirs are widely distributed in large oil and gas fields or main oil-bearing basins in China. The medium of low-per
4、meable gas reservoir is mainly low-permeable sandstone, diagenesis of this type is strong, structure tightness, its matrix has extremely low permeable, so the difficultly of development is a little big. In home, mainly using the hydraulic fracture to enhance the reserves, but due to the complexity o
5、f form and spread of the fracture, the interaction of fracture liquid, water and natural gas makes the low-permeable gas reservoirs development more complex. At present, usage percent of this type is low, the result of development and economic is not well, so research for the gas-water phase physica
6、l transfusion characteristic and usage skill, it has the significant meaning for improving the development of this kind reservoir, increasing the economic benefit and ensuring the sustainable development in gas industry.To meet the needs of difficult-to-production in Xintian gas reservoir and exploi
7、tation technology, this research seeks some typical samples for the test of stress sensitivity, movable water saturation and the starting pressure of reverse imbibitions water blockage effect eta.It turned out that the total saturation of large permeable cores is higher and the saturation of bound w
8、ater is lower under equal differential pressure; as the square of pressure raise, the permeability raise also, it is related to water saturation, and it shows that the permeability raise as the water saturation decrease.The capacity equation concerned reverse imbibitions water blockage effect is der
9、ived from the experimental result, and the research achievement would apply to the gas well capacity and Production dynamic analysis of Low permeability and low pressure gas reservoir in Xinchang reservoir. By the comprehensive analysis for the practical applicability of the experimental result, it
10、will raise some guiding views for the physical simulation study and application of this style gas reservoir.Key word: Low permeability gas reservoir, Gas-water two-phase flood ,Gas-water relative permeability ,Starting pressure of water lock ,Movable water saturation ,reverse imbibitions water blockage effect I目 录1 引言 .11.1 选题的目的和意义 .11.1.1 论文选题的目的 .11.1.2 论文选题的意义 .11.2 国内外研究现状 .21.2.1 国外研究 .21.2.2 国内研究 .21.3 主要研究内容 .31.4 研究方法和技术路线 .31.4.1 研究方法 .31.4.2 技术路线 .32 气水两相相渗曲线测试研究 .52.1 储层岩心基础储渗物性实验 .52.1.1 实验仪器 .52.1.2 测试步骤 .62.2 相渗曲线测试 .73 非线性渗流特征实验研究 .93.1 实验仪器设备 .
