幼儿发展的关键经验学前儿童关键经验（Preschool Key Developmental Indicators (KDIs) ）主动学习（A. Approaches to Learning）1. 模仿性：当幼儿探索他们的世界时就会显示出创造性 （Initiative: Children demonstrate initiative as they explore their world.）2. 计划：幼儿做计划并且跟随他们自己的意愿 （Planning: Children make plans and follow through on their intentions.）3. 渴望：幼儿注意他们感兴趣的活动 Engagement: Children focus on activities that interest them.4. 问题解决：幼儿在游戏中解决突然遇到的问题 （ Problem solving: Children solve problems encountered in play.）5. 资源利用：幼儿收集信息并构建关于他们世界的想法 （Use of resources: Children gather information and formulate ideas about their world.）6. 回应：幼儿对自己的体验做出反应。
Reflection: Children reflect on their experiences.社会性和情感性的发展（B. Social and Emotional Development） 7. 自我评价：幼儿有一个积极的自我评价 （Self-identity: Children have a positive self-identity.）8. 能力意识：幼儿感觉到自己是有能力的 （Sense of competence: Children feel they are competent.）9. 情感：幼儿认识，标记和控制自己的感受 （Emotions: Children recognize, label, and regulate their feelings.）10. 同情心：幼儿显示出对他人的同情心 （Empathy: Children demonstrate empathy toward others.）11. 团体：幼儿参与到班级团体中 （Community: Children participate in the community of the classroom.）12. 建立关系：幼儿和其他幼儿和成人建立关系。
（Building relationships: Children build relationships with other children and adults.）13. 合作游戏：幼儿渴望合作游戏 （Cooperative play: Children engage in cooperative play.）14. 道德发展：幼儿形成内部的对错感 （ Moral development: Children develop an internal sense of right and wrong.）15. 战争解决：幼儿解决社会性战争 （Conflict resolution: Children resolve social conflicts.）身体发展和健康（C. Physical Development and Health）16. 交叉动作技能：幼儿使用大肌肉时会显示出力量，灵活性，平衡感和节奏感 （Gross-motor skills: Children demonstrate strength, flexibility, balance, and 幼儿发展的关键经验timing in using their large muscles.）17. 精细动作技能：幼儿使用小肌肉时显示出灵活性和手眼协调。
Fine-motor skills: Children demonstrate dexterity and hand-eye coordination in using their small muscles.18. 身体意识：幼儿了解他们的身体和怎样使他们在空间飞跃 （Body awareness: Children know about their bodies and how to navigate them in space.）19. 个人照顾：幼儿进行自己常规的个人照顾 （ Personal care: Children carry out personal care routines on their own.）20. 健康行为：幼儿参加健康实践 （Healthy behavior: Children engage in healthy practices.）语言，读写和交流（D. Language, Literacy, and Communication）21. 理解：幼儿理解语言 （ Comprehension: Children understand language.）22. 读：幼儿用自己的语言表达自己。
（Speaking: Children express themselves using language.）23. 词汇：幼儿理解和运用各种各样的词汇和短语 （Vocabulary: Children understand and use a variety of words and phrases.）24. 语言意识：幼儿在口语中辨别清晰的语言 （Phonological awareness: Children identify distinct sounds in spoken language.）25. 字母的知识：幼儿分辨字母和它们的读音 （Alphabetic knowledge: Children identify letter names and their sounds.）26. 写：幼儿为了乐趣和信息阅读 （Reading: Children read for pleasure and information.）27. Concepts about print: Children demonstrate knowledge about environmental print.28. 书籍知识：幼儿显示关于书籍的知识。
（Book knowledge: Children demonstrate knowledge about books.）29. 写：幼儿为了不同的目的书写 （Writing: Children write for many different purposes.）30. 单语和双语的获得：（如果想获得）幼儿使用英语和母语（包括手势语言） ELL/Dual language acquisition: (If applicable) Children use English and their home language(s) (including sign language).）数学（E. Mathematics ）31.数字和标志：幼儿认识和使用数字和标志 （Number words and symbols: Children recognize and use number words and symbols.）32. 数数：幼儿数东西 （Counting: Children count things.）33. 部分和整体的关系：幼儿结合和分开大量物体 （Part-whole relationships: Children combine and separate quantities of objects.）34. 形状：幼儿分辨，命名和描述形状。
（Shapes: Children identify, name, and describe shapes.）35. 空间意识：在人和物体之间幼儿能认出空间关系 （ Spatial awareness: Children recognize spatial relationships among people and objects.）36. 测量： 幼儿通过测量来描述，比较和排序物体 （Measuring: Children measure to 幼儿发展的关键经验describe, compare, and order things.）37. 单位：幼儿理解和使用单位的概念 （Unit: Children understand and use the concept of unit.）38. 模式：幼儿分辨，描述，模仿，完成和创造模型 （ Patterns: Children identify, describe, copy, complete, and create patterns.）39. 数据分析：幼儿运用数量信息来得出结论，做出决定和解决问题 （Data analysis: Children use information about quantity to draw conclusions, make decisions, and solve problems.）创造性艺术（F. Creative Arts ）40. 艺术：幼儿通过二维和三维艺术来表达和展示他们的观察，思考，想象和感觉。
（Art: Children express and represent what they observe, think, imagine, and feel through two- and three-dimensional art.）41.音乐：幼儿通过音乐来表达和展示他们的观察，思考，想象和感觉 （Music: Children express and represent what they observe, think, imagine, and feel through music.）42.运动：幼儿通过运动来表达和展示他们的观察，思考，想象和感觉 （Movement: Children express and represent what they observe, think, imagine, and feel through movement.）43.角色扮演：幼儿通过角色扮演来表达和展示他们的观察，思考，想象和感觉 （Pretend play: Children express and represent what they observe, think, imagine, and feel through pretend play.）44.欣赏艺术：幼儿欣赏创造性的艺术。
（ Appreciating the arts: Children appreciate the creative arts.）科学技术（G. Science and Technology ）45. 观察：幼儿在他们的环境里观察材料和过程 （Observing: Children observe the materials and processes in their environment.）46. 分类：幼儿将材料，动作，人物和事件分类 （Classifying: Children classify materials, actions, people, and events.）47. 实验：幼儿通过实验来验证他们的想法 （Experimenting: Children experiment to test their ideas.）48. 预想：幼儿预想将要发生的事情 （Predict。