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1、 AbstractThought, language and culture are closely interrelated. Language embodies thoughts and thoughts dominate language, but both under the general framework of culture. Different thinking modes of the Chinese and the Westerners have always been a top academic issues. Such academic celebrity as J
2、ia Dejiang, Liu Miqing, R. Scholar and Kaplan have conducted systematic studies on it and have yielded amazing results. Differences in Chinese and English thinking modes can be classified in various aspects. Chinese thinking modes tend to focus on visual effects, to generalize, be subject-oriented,
3、tortuous and fuzzy, and above all be paratactic. The English thinking modes on the other hand are generally rational, analytical, object-targeted and straight forward and tend to by accurate and above all focus on hypotaxis Of course other scholars may classify them from some other aspects. These sp
4、ecial features in thinking modes are fully manifested in the two languages, lexically, syntactically, semantically, grammatically and contextually. Ignorance of these features may cause negative effects on translation such as stubborn rendering resulting from ignorance of different syntactic prefere
5、nces, misleading rendering due to differences in viewpoints, awkward transferring for ignorance of rhetoric preference, inaccurate translation caused by improper diction or wordy diction regardless of the syntactic structural differences.In order to avoid the above problems, sufficient cultural back
6、ground information will be helpful and strategies such as shifting translation, graphic translation, backward translation shall be adopted. It can be thus concluded that translation cannot afford to neglect differences in thinking modes and that the corresponding strategy may greatly help improve th
7、e translation quality. （中文摘要的对应译文）Keywords Chinese and English thinking modes； differences； linguistic embodiment； translation strategies；（注意：关键词与中文对应, 3-5 个，词与词之间用分号分开，除专有名词外，其他单词首字母不大写）Times New Roman、小四、加粗,1.5 倍行距，与上文空一行Times New Roman、小二、加粗，居中Times New Roman, 小四、首行空两个汉字符，其他两端对齐，1.5 倍行距，首行前面空两个汉字
8、符，与上文空一行。“Abstrac”加粗。中 文 摘 要 思维、语言与文化有着紧密的联系。语言是思维的载体，思维是语言的内容，这一切都统一在文化的总框架内。中西思维方式的差异一直是国内外学术界关注的重点研究课题。国内贾德江、刘宓庆，西方的 R. Kaplan 等学者对此课题进行了深入的研究，并取得了令人瞩目的成果。中英思维方式的差异可以从很多方面进行分类。中国人的思维总的来说是如重意象的直观性，对事物规律的归纳总结和重视主体的感受和内在逻辑性联系的意合，体现为主螺旋型上升趋势，具有明显的模糊性。而英国人的思维方式则重理性与分析性，注重对客体的临摹与再现，所以其思维呈直线状态，具有精确性的特点，
9、强调严谨的外在形式的融合等。当然不同的学者也从其他方面进行了分类。这些思维方式在两个民族的语言上也有充分的体现，从词汇、句法、语义、语法和文体上分别呈现了明显的差异。对这些差异的忽视往往导致中英翻译中出现各种错误，如过于拘泥于原文的字面，忽略两种语言的句法特征，忽略不同的视角和文体特色，或者由于句法差异而导致在目的语的累赘表述等。为了避免上述问题，通常要有充分的文化背景知识，然后采取转换翻译策略，包括词类，词义，句法结构等的转换，同时也可以采取临摹翻译法和反向翻译法等策略。由此可见，思维方式的差异对翻译质量的影响不容忽视，必须采取相应的策略，以提高翻译质量。(400-450 字)关键词 中英思
10、维方式；差异；语言表现；翻译策略 （摘要和关键词应充分反映和概括论文的精神，并与英文摘要相对应；关键词3-5 个，词与词之间用分号分开）小四、宋体、加粗，行首空两个汉字符，与上文空一行小二号、黑体、加粗、居中。两字之间空 2 个字符。Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and ScienceContentsI Introduction.1II Literature Review.22.1 Aristotelian School: Metaphora Devic
11、e of Rhetoric.22.2 The Platonic SchoolLanguage is Metaphorical. 52.3 The Study of Metaphor From the 20th Century to the Present .6III On Similarity7VI On the Mechanism of Metaphor.154.1 Blacks Interaction theory.154.1.1 Introduction to the Interaction Theory.154.1.2 Some Defects of the Interaction T
12、heory.164.2 Lakoffian Conceptual Metaphor Theory.194.2.1 The Philosophical Basis of lakoffian Theory.194.2.2 Lakoffian Theory on the Mechanism of Metaphor214.3 Conceptual Integration Theory.294.3.1 An Introduction to the Conceptual Integration Theory.294.3.1.1 Four Mental Spaces.294.3.1.2 Three Proc
13、esses of BT.334.3.1.3 Optimality Principles of BT.344.3.2 The Advantages of BT in Solving the Paradox of Former Theories 344.3.2.1 The Generic Mental Space.344.3.2.2 The Blending Space and Emergent Structure.354.3.2.3 The Other Advantages of BT.40V Conclusion.42Bibliography.45Acknowledgements46(本目录仅
14、为格式模板。实际目录请确保内容和页码与正文完全相符。目录格式说明：大标题：三号、Times New Roman、加粗、居中二级标题：小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、缩进一个字母三级标题：小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、缩进约 3 个字母四级标题：小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、缩进约 6 个字母 ）Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science论文各级标题大小写原则各级标题保持一致，各个单词的首字母符合大写
15、原则的话都大写。 1.题目的第一个单词首字母要大写；2.冠词首字母都不需要大写；3.字母多于三个(不含三个)的介词、连词首字母要大写；4.名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、感叹词首字母要大写；5.大写所有英语中要求大写的单词。如月份、人名、地名等等。这几条原则的优先性是递减的，也就是说，如果几条原则之间出现了矛盾的情况，应优先实用前面的原则。如：如果题目的第一个单词是冠词或不多于二个字母的介词时也应该大写。Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science-
