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1、backer bag6034Batteries Built by Viruses 病毒电池What do chicken pox, the common cold， the flu，and AIDS have in common? Theyre all disease caused by viruses，tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. Its no wonder1 that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of2
2、viruses is whats on peoples minds. 水痘、普通感冒、流感和艾滋病有哪些相似之处呢？这些都是由病毒引起的疾病。病毒是能够在人与人之间传染的微生物。难怪大部分人一提到病毒，首先想到的是如何躲避病毒。Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though3.In Cambridge，Massachusetts4, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting vir
3、uses to work，teaching them to build some of the worlds smallest rechargeable batteries. 然而，并不是每个人都躲避这些病毒携带者。在马萨诸塞州剑桥市，科学家发现有些病毒能起到非同寻常的作用。他们使病毒开始工作，使病毒构成世界上最小的充电电池。Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but theyre not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with5 the
4、idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge，she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries，the scientists combine what they know about biology，technology and production techniques. 病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见，但这对
5、于工程师安吉拉贝尔彻来说却并不陌生。安吉拉贝尔彻最早产生了这一想法。在位于剑桥市的麻省理工学院，她和合作者一起用新方式融合了不同的科学领域。在由病毒构成的电池里，科学家融合了他们在生物、技术和生产工艺方面的知识。Belchers team includes Paula Hammond，who helps put together the tiny batteries，and Yet-Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. Were working on things we tradition
6、ally dont associate with nature, says Hammond. 贝尔彻的团队包括帮助组装微型电池的宝拉哈蒙德和以电池形式存储能量的专家蒋业明。哈蒙德说， “我们现在从事的行业是传统中不会想到的。”Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A，C and D batteries6 in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However，every year， new
7、 electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink，ordinary bakeries wont be small enough to fit inside. 许多电池已经很小了。A 型、C 型和 D 型电池都可以握在手里。硬币形状的手表电池通常比分币还小。然而，个人音乐播放器和手机等新型电子设备变得越来越小。这些设备变小了，普通电池就无法安装进去了。The ideal battery will store
8、 a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belchers model battery，a metallic disk completely built by viruses，looks like a regular watch battery. But inside，its components are very small-so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope. 理想的电池应当体积小、储能多。 ，贝尔彻的电池模型是完全由病毒构成的金属圆盘，看起来就像普通手表电池。
9、但里面的部件却非常小小到用高倍望远镜才能看到。How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size，pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is-pretty thin，right? Although the width of each persons hair is a bit different，you could probably fit ab
10、out 10 of these virus-built battery parts，side to side， across one hair. These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses7. 这些电池部件到底有多小呢？从头上拔一根头发，把它放到白纸上，看看头发的宽度是不是很细呢？尽管每个人的头发宽度不同，每个头发上可以并列排放大约 10 个病毒电池部件。这些为电池能会改变我们对病毒的看法。1.According to the first paragraph，people try to 根据第一段，人们设法去C.stay
11、 away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases. 躲避病毒，因为他们的疾病都是由病毒引起的。2.What is Belchers team doing at present? Belcher 的团队现在正在做什么C.It is making batteries with viruses. 制造病毒电池。3.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word shrink appearing in paragraph 5 ? 那个词可以和第 5 段中的“sh
12、rink 收缩” 表达意思相反 D.Expand. 膨胀4.Which of the following is true of Belchers battery mentioned in paragraph 6? 6 段中提到的Belchers battery 哪个描述是真的D.It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it. 它是指由病毒构成的金属圆盘。5.How tiny is one battery part? 一个电池部件有多小？backer bag60A.Its width is one tenth of a hair. 它的宽度是头发的 1
13、/1035Putting Plants to Work 植物效能Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts : Theyve been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years. 太阳能的使用已经不足为奇。几十年前，人们就开始使用太阳能计算器，制造
14、太阳能电热板镶嵌的建筑。但是植物当属应用太阳能的专家：十亿年来，植物一直把阳光作为能源资源。Ceils in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into1 sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless youre a
15、plant, its difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. Thats why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it. 绿叶植物细胞的工作就像微型加工厂一样，将阳光，二氧化碳和水转化为糖和淀粉，并且同时储存植物本身所需的能量。这种转换过程叫做光合作用。可惜你不是一株植物，必须困难的并且花上大价钱将阳光转换为稳定的能源。因此，科学家们正在对植株进行准确细致的研究。Some scientists are trying
16、 to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Mafia Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo. 2, is working with green algae3. Shes trying to trick them into producing hydrogen4 instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. On
