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1、摘 要摘 要随着我国汽车数量的迅速的升高，汽车清洗行业迎来了一个重要的发展的机遇，自动洗车机作为洗车工作必不可少的设备，其清洗的效果，清洗的速度清洗成本以及对节水和环境保护的要求，成为其开发和生产必须要考虑的内容。本文主要通过对自动洗车功能要求和运行过程的分析，确定了自动洗车机的总体设方案。主要进行了自动洗车机的控制系数的设计，针对自动洗车机的特点，采用喷水、洗刷、喷洒清洗剂和风干等过程，在控制部分，应用传感器和可编程序控制器技术，对汽车清洗机 PLC 控制系统进行了硬件设计和控制软件编程。PLC 选用了西门子公司 S7 系列的可编程序控制器，采用梯形图编程语言，实现了汽车清洗机的传递和控制要
2、求，满足了环保、高效、可靠和低成本的要求。关键词：自动清洗机；PLC；控制系统；硬件及软件；梯形图AbstractAbstractAs the amount of car increases very quickly, the service trades of car are facing a very important chance. Because Car Washing is the most important equipment in the process of washing car, these questions must be reflected on in the p
3、rocess of the design and the manufacture of the automatic car washer, such as the washing effect of washing car, the efficiency of washing car, the cost of washing car, the protect of environment, and so on.In this side, according to the analysis of the function and the operating process of car wash
4、er, the overall plan of design is determined. The detail design of the driving and controlling system of car washer are designed, according to the characteristics of the automatic car, it adopts some processes, such as the vaginal spray, spray cleaning agent, brushing, air drying and so on.In the co
5、ntrol system, it adopts the technology of sensor and PLC to design the composition of PLC hardware and program the controlling software. The controller is Siemens S7 series PLC and the program is ladder program, it meets the requirements of the operating and controlling and also the demands of the e
6、fficiency, the cost and the environment.Keywords: automatic car; PLC; controlling system; ladder program; hardware and software program目录1目录摘要.1Abstract.21 绪 论.11.1 研究背景简介.11.2 课题研究现状和发展趋势.11.2.1 汽车清洗装置的国内外发展现状.11.2.2 PLC 控制系统的国内发展趋势 .21.3 课题研究内容.21.4 汽车自动清洗装置中应用 PLC 的优势 .22 系统电气控制要求及方案的确定.42.1 自动洗车
7、机模拟装置简介.42.2 系统对电气控制的要求.52.3 系统的控制方案.52.4 车自动清洗装置 PLC 控制的总体设计 .62.5 控制系统的设计.62.6 自动洗车机的驱动控制系统.72.7 PLC 的工作原理 .92.8 PLC 系统设计流程图 .93 系统的硬件设计.123.1 PLC 的选型 .123.1.1 欧姆龙 PLC 简介 .123.1.2 西门子 PLC 简介 .123.2 可编程控制器的基本组成.143.2.1 中央处理单元（CPU） .143.2.2 存储器.143.2.3 输入输出接口.143.2.4 编程器.153.2.5 PLC 与继电器控制系统的比较 .163.3 机型选择的基本原则.16目录23.4 PLC 容量选择 .
