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1、I致 谢本论文是在导师卢剑伟教授的悉心指导下完成的，在此谨向卢老师表示衷心的感谢和诚挚的敬意！感谢国家对教育的支持和投入，让我们拥有大量的可利用资源；感谢合肥工业大学，陪我走过人生中美好的七年，在这里的生活将成为一段珍贵的回忆。卢老师严谨求实的治学作风，质朴的生活态度，诲人不倦的师者风范，对教育事业满腔热情、无私奉献的工作精神，影响着我的人生观和价值观，将使我受益终生。在将来的工作和学习中，我将铭记卢老师的教诲，严格要求自己。感谢师兄王锡锌、汪洋、胡辰、许生对我研究生期间工作的指导与帮助；感谢徐燚、孙晓明、王功成、孙建鹏、宋渊、韩全、洪杰；感谢课题组成员吴祚云、吴尘琛、谢慧敏、张笑以及 421
2、 所有兄弟姐妹在我学习生活上给予我的帮助，愿我们的友谊地久天长。同时，对所有关心我的老师、同学和朋友在我攻读硕士学位期间给予的帮助、支持和鼓励，表示深深的谢意。我要感谢我的父母对我的培养，感谢他们对我的支持，使我能够全身心地投入到科研工作中，感谢他们的关心和信任，使我拥有战胜困难的决心和信心！作者：陈 昊 2014 年 3 月 20 日II摘 要变速箱齿轮传动系统在实际工作过程中，需要对齿轮进行良好的润滑，轮齿齿面通过润滑剂接触时，轮齿之间以非线性油膜力相互作用。由于润滑剂的阻尼效应、齿侧间隙和时变啮合刚度等非线性因素的存在，使齿轮传动系统表现出很强的非线性动力学特性，而齿轮传动系统的动态特性
3、直接影响着变速箱各项性能指标的优劣。本文对考虑润滑的齿轮传动系统进行了建模分析，并考虑温度的影响，对计入温度效应的斜齿轮系统进行了研究。考虑轮齿间润滑剂的挤压运动，根据 half-Sommerfeld 边界条件得到非线性油膜阻尼力的形式。轮齿间作用力加入油膜阻尼力，考虑齿侧间隙、时变啮合刚度、时变接触线长度和齿轮重合度，利用集中质量法建立直齿轮和斜齿轮传动系统的动力学模型，并基于上述建模方法，综合考虑温度对润滑剂粘度和齿侧间隙的影响，建立计入温度效应的斜齿轮传动模型，应用改进的 Newmark 方法进行数值求解。利用分岔图等方法分析了系统的运动特性，结果表明：转矩波动频率和温度对系统运动形态的
4、影响较为显著，随着参数的变化，系统出现了混沌运动；且斜齿轮的运动形态较直齿轮更简单。为了方便比较不同参数时系统的敲击特性，文中提出新的评价齿轮敲击振动的指标，分析了系统传动特性随参数的变化规律，得到如下结论：齿侧间隙和温度是影响齿轮传动精度的主要因素；随着负载转矩的增大或波动转矩的减小，系统响应出现啮合频率成分；齿轮敲击振动只在空载或轻载以及波动转矩较大时才会发生，此外，齿轮敲击振动大小与齿轮转速、润滑剂粘度、模数、螺旋角和温度都有关系，且斜齿轮的敲击振动小于直齿轮；系统功率损耗受齿轮转速、润滑剂粘度和温度影响较大。关键词：润滑；非线性油膜力；敲击振动；温度效应IIIABSTRACTGear
5、transmission system needs good lubrication when the manual transmission runs in the practical working process. Gear teeth interact with each other on the form of nonlinear oil film force when gear tooth surfaces contact by lubricant. Due to nonlinear factors such as the oil film damping, backlash an
6、d time-varying meshing stiffness, strong nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the gear transmission system are presented, which directly affect various performance indicators of the transmission. So the modeling and analysis of the gear transmission system considering hydrodynamic lubrication are di
7、scussed in this paper, and helical gear system with temperature effect is studied.Considering the squeezing motion of lubricant between gear teeth, the oil film damping force can be obtained based on half-Sommerfeld boundary conditions. Dynamic models of spur gear and helical gear transmission syste
8、ms with the oil film damping force are built by using centralized mass method which take the backlash, time-varying meshing stiffness, time-varying contact length and contact ratio into account. Based on above modeling method, the model of helical gear transmission system with temperature effect is
9、established, and the influence of temperature on the lubricant viscosity and backlash is considered. The numerical solution is carried out by employing improved Newmark method, and bifurcation diagram and other analysis methods are used to analyze the system motion characteristics. The results show
10、that the torque fluctuation frequency and temperature have obvious impacts on the responses of gear system where chaotic motion appeares with the change of parameters and the responses of spur gear system are simpler than helical gear system.A new gear rattle index is proposed and the change rules o
11、f transmission characteristics with different parameters are analyzed. The results indicate that backlash and temperature are major factors which affect the transmission precision of gear system, and meshing frequency components occur in the system responses with the increase of load torque or the d
12、ecrease of the torque fluctuation. Gear rattle phenomenon happens when the gear is light-loaded or torque fluctuation is large. In addition, gear rattle is related with gear speed, lubricant viscosity, module, helical angle and temperature, and gear rattle phenomenon in the spur gear system is more
13、obvious than the helical gear system. Also, the power losses of gear system are greatly IVinfluenced by gear rotational speed, lubricant viscosity and temperature.KEYWORDS: Lubrication; Nonlinear Oil Film Force; Rattle; Temperature EffectV目 录1 绪论 .11.1 引言 .11.2 研究目的和意义 .11.3 国内外研究现状 .21.3.1 考虑润滑的齿轮动力学研究 .21.3.2 齿轮敲击振动研究 .41.4 论文主要内容 .62 考虑润滑的直齿轮传动系统建模分析 .72.1 引言 .72.2 油膜力模型 .72.3 直齿轮副系统建模 .
