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1、本资料来自于资源最齐全的 世纪教育网 21 世纪教育网 - 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有 21 世纪教育网中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿第十一章 动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“ to+动词原形”，有时可以不带 to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化， 在句子中不能作谓语。 （但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分主语、 表语、 宾语、状语和宾语补足语。 ）动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。 动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。第一节 知识点概述一 、 动 词 不 定 式 的 特 征 及 用 法1.动词不定式的构成及特征动词不定式是一种非限定动词 t
2、o “ to +动词原形”构成动词不定式也是一种非谓语形式， 在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、 形容词和副词的特征。2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1. 作主语例如： To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well. 动词不定式作主语时，往往用 it 作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：It is + adj.+ 动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用 for It is + adj.+
3、for sb. To do sth. 2. 作表语My wish is to become a teacher. 3. 作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches. 4. 作宾语补足语He told me to be here on time. 5. 作定语I have nothing to say about that thing. 6. 作状语He stopped to have a look. 3.动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式 not + to + 动词原形构成例如： He asked me not to make such a
4、mistake. 4.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词 who, what, which 和疑问副词 when, where, how, why 等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如： (1) He doesn t know how to use the machine. （不定式作宾语）本资料来自于资源最齐全的 世纪教育网 21 世纪教育网 - 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有 21 世纪教育网(2) How to use the machine is a question. （不定式作主语）(3) The question
5、 is when to go there. （不定式作表语）二 、 动 词 不 定 式 的 时 态 和 被 动 形 式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，有不定式符号 (to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1 一般式 to do 例如： I like to read English. 2 进行式 to be doing 例如： He seems to be reading something at that time. 3 完成式 to have done 例如： He seemed to have cleaned the room. 4 被动式 to be done 例如： The work
6、 is to be done soon. 5 完成的被动式 to have been done 例如： The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 第二节 实战演练一 、 例 题 选 讲例 1 _ is one thing, _ is quite another. A To say, to do B Say, do C Said, did D To say, do 答案： A 提示： 用动词不定式作主语。例 2 I ll try _ the same mistakes again.A to not make B not ma
7、ke C not to make D not making 答案： C 提示： 动词不定式的否定形式为 not to + 动词原形 “ try not to do sth. ” 意思为 “尽力不做某事”。例 3 It s too hard _ it by himself.A not to do B to do C that I do D doing 答案： B 提示： “ too , to”是太 , 而不能的意思。本资料来自于资源最齐全的 世纪教育网 21 世纪教育网 - 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有 21 世纪教育网例 4 I have nothing _ (sen
8、d) you. 答案： to send 提示： 不定式短语 to send you 在这里做定语修饰 nothing 例 5 They were made _ (work) ten hours a day. 答案： to work 提示： 在主动语态中 make 要跟不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语， 但在被动语态中make 后的不定式须带 to 例 6 No one knows what _ (do) next. 答案： to do 提示： 动词不定式和疑问词连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作宾语。二 、 复 习 时 需 要 注 意 的 要 点1 动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动
9、作同时发生 ,也可能在其之后发生。例如： saw the young man enter the house.（同时发生）I hope to go there next time. （之后发生）2不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在位于动词之前发生。例如： I m sorry to have broken your glasses.3不定式进行式表示不定式的动作已在进行，与谓语动词同时发生。例如： When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table. 4不定式的被动式有两种形式： to be done 表示将要被做， to have been
10、 done 表示已被做。例如： The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large. The cinema is said to have been built last year. 第三节 巩固练习 .划出下列动词不定式部分并指出在句中的作用。1. It is not easy to learn English well. 2. He came to ask a question. 3. He wishes to be a doctor. 4. John likes to go to the cinema once a week.
11、 5. The students are trying to make fast progress. 6. She asked her guests to have some tea. 7. Mother asked me to take my umbrella with me. 8. He had an important meeting to attend. 9. It was too difficult for them to work out the problem. 10. His job at the moment is to organize the school sports
12、meeting. 11. This is a good way to learn English. 12. In order to know more about the workers life in England, Marx worked hard at English.本资料来自于资源最齐全的 世纪教育网 21 世纪教育网 - 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有 21 世纪教育网 .用括号中的动词适当形式填空1.We are so glad _ (hear) the news. 2.I saw him _ (cross) the road safely and _
13、(run) away. 3.You can t make him _ (do) what you want.4.I don t know where _ (meet) him.5.What makes you _ (think) I m a farmer?6.Did you see him _ (go) upstairs? 7.It is better _ (put) your money in a bank. 8.It is difficult for the boy _ (swim) across the river. 9.I let him _ (go) early as he want
14、ed _ (meet) his uncle at the station. 10.Will you help me _ (move) the bed? 11.If he doesn t know, how _ (use) the recorder, you d better _ (show) him.12.He is the last one _ (leave) the office every day. 13.It s bad manners _ (shout) in public.14.The boy is old enough _ (dress) himself. 15.She is t
15、oo ill _ (go) to school. .选择填空1.Please remember _ the door before you leave the room. A. lock B. locking C. to lock D. locked 2.The police told the boys _ on the road. A. don t play football B. not to play football C. not playing football D. don t to play football3.The girl is often heard _ in next room. A. sing B. to sing C. sang D. singing 4.He knows _. A. what do next B. what to do next C. what to do it next D. what to do the next 5
