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1、第三部分 写作技能培优,第三讲如何正确写出句子的各个成分第一课时如何写好主语,主语是一个句子中最重要、最核心的两个部分之一。一、单词作主语1主语通常由名词、代词、数词或名词化的形容词充当All efforts will be in vain if we cant learn English by practicing repeatedly.(名词作主语)如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力将付之东流。,2.单词作主语时要注意谓语动词的单复数(1)使用高级词汇(except，besides，with，as well as，together with，along with等)连接主语。(注
2、意谓语动词一般与前面主语一致)The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.老师和他的学生们要去参观博物馆。(2)使用高级量词(quantity，amount等)修饰主语。(注意谓语动词的单复数形式),练一练周六早晨，我和祖父母一起在网上查找列车时刻、北戴河的天气以及旅馆信息。On Saturday morning，_，searched the Internet for the train schedule，the weather in Beidaihe，and some hotel information.募集了大量的善
3、款来帮助那些遭受水灾的人们。A large quantity of money _ suffering from the floods.Large quantities of money _ suffering from the floods.,I together with/as well as/along with my grandparents,has been collected to help those,have been collected to help those,二、动名词作主语1直接位于句首作主语In my opinion，cloning should be dealt
4、with carefully.我认为应该慎重对待克隆。句式升级：动名词作主语可以使句子更加简练、高级。Our school forbids us students to go out of the campus and we are strongly against it.Forbidding us students to go out of the campus has raised a storm of objections.,练一练We know of different cultures by learning English._ gives us an access to an ex
5、ploration of a variety of cultures.2.用it作形式主语为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，较复杂的动名词短语作主语时,可用it作形式主语，把动名词短语置于句末。It is no good learning without practice.学而不用无益。,Learning English,练一练问我没有用，我也不知道。_ asking me，I dont know either.3动名词的复合结构作主语动名词有时可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构，在句中作主语。Their coming to help was a great encourage
6、ment to us.他们来帮忙对我们是一个很大的鼓舞。,It is no use,三、动词不定式作主语1直接位于句首作主语To have a positive attitude is wise when we are let down.当遭遇挫折时，怀有积极的态度是很明智的。2用it作形式主语有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，放在句首，将作主语的不定式放在句末。,If they adjust their mind a little，it is not hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before.如果他们
7、对于思路稍加调整，就不难发现生活和以前一样充满阳光。,Its rude of him not to invite you.没有邀请你，他很失礼。It is our responsibility to learn advanced science and technology to build socialism.学习先进的科学技术来建设社会主义是我们的责任。It took us a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.徒步到达山顶花了我们一整天。,练一练我们不可能按时把这项工作完成。_你帮助我做这项工作，真是太好了。_在这里发
8、言我很荣幸。_,It is impossible for us to finish the work on time.,Its very kind of you to help me with the work.,Its an honor to make a speech here.,3疑问词(who，what，which，when，where，whether，how)动词不定式作主语When to leave for Shanghai has not been decided yet.什么时候动身去上海还没有决定。【温馨提示】动词原形不能作主语,可以用动名词或不定式。动名词作主语表示抽象的、
9、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向；不定式作主语表示具体的动作。当动名词短语或不定式短语很长时，可用it作形式主语。Read as much as possible is necessary.()Reading as much as possible is necessary.()It is necessary to read as much as possible.(),四、从句作主语主语从句从句作主语(即主语从句)，这种句型属于高级句式，要注意把握句子的正确性；主语从句常使用it作形式主语。It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthd
10、ay party or not.还不能确定他是否会参加詹妮的生日聚会。,It happened that he was out when I got there.当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。,练一练人们通常认为足够的新鲜空气有助于保持健康。_我突然想起做这项工作不是一个挑战而是一个机遇。(occur)_,It occurred to me that it was not a challenge but a chance to do such a job.,It is widely believed that plenty of fresh air contributes to good heal
11、th.,.基础巩固(写出下列句子的主语)1(2013高考安徽卷书面表达)These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment._2His being late made his boss angry._3To see is to believe._,breaking traffic rules and littering,His being late,To see,4Jim and Tim work together to
12、 solve the problem._5(2013高考湖南卷书面表达)What I care most is the wonderful memory of being together with you._,Jim and Tim,What I care most,.能力提升1按要求翻译句子(1)不擅长和别人交流让我感到孤独。(用动名词作主语)_(2) 老师和朋友们给了我一些建议。(用名词作主语：together with)_(3)和同学们友好相处是有必要的。(用不定式作主语；it作形式主语)_,Not being good at communicating with others made me feel lonely.,My teacher together with my friends gave me some advice.,It is essential to get along well with your classmates.,(4)积极参加在班级中举行的讨论是十分重要的。(用不定式作主语)_(5)耐心地倾听别人是件快乐的事情。(用动名词作主语；it作形式主语)_(6)他们建议我只要有可能就应该学着去帮助别人。(用从句作主语；It was suggested that.)_,
