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1、2013 届新课标高考英语精华知识点终极解密专题 08 独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“ 独立主格结构” 也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。一、 非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的
2、。（ such an able man 和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系）= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk 拥有了自己的逻辑主语 he，注意是“ 主格” ）= When he seated himself at the de
3、sk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是 the key，lost 也可以用完成式 having been lost）= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A 不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式” 结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从
4、句或并列分句来表达。1动词不定式用主动的形式在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。His mother to come tonight， he is busy preparing the dinner.他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）will you go to the comcert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I rially can
5、t afford any time. 对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。（Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really cant afford any time.）The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。（The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to tran
6、slate a quarter of the book.）Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)B-ing 形式“独立主格结构 ”动词的-ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持
7、一致。Being ill, he went home. 由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.在课桌旁坐好后，他开始看杂志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）1 表示时间的-ing 形式作“独立主格结构”Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. 每个人都准备好
8、后，老师开始上课。（相当于一个时间状语从句 When everyone wasready)The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。（相当于一个时间状语从句 after everyone was seated）2 表示原因的-ing 形式作“独立主格结构”The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相当于一个原因状语从句 Because the boy le
9、d the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。（相当于一个原因状语从句 As many eyes were watching him）必背：含有 being 的独立主格结构。It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。 = As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.There being no further busines
10、s to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.3 表示条件的-ing 形式作“独立主格结构”Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。（相当于一个条件状语从句 If timepermits)My health allowing, I will work far into the night.我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。
11、（相当于一个条件状语从句 If my health allows）4 表示方式的-ing 形式作“独立主格结构”The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。（相当于一个并列分句 and each wears a card in front of his chest）The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky. 男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。（相当于
12、一个并列分句 and his eyes were looking at the sky）C-ed 形式“独立主格结构”与逻辑主语+动词的-ing 形式一样，如果-ed 形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed 形式的独立主格结构。The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.
13、The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。= He was listening attentive
14、ly in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.The task completed,he had two months leave. 任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假。（=When the task had been completed,he had two months leave.）比较：动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed 形式表示动作已经结束，动词 -ing 形式往往表示动作正在进行。The manager looks worried，many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事
15、情要处理。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式 to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了， 经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed 形式 settled 表示动作已经结束）The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行）The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的）二、 动词独立主格结构
16、“逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing 形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中，being 往往可以被省去，这种省去 being 的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。A逻辑主语+名词Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个 12 岁的男孩。（the youngest 和 a boy of 12 之间省去了 being）注意：独立主格结构中的 being 在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名词” 结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。B逻辑主语+ 形容词He
