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1、What is social planning?,The term “social planning” emerged during the 1960s in USA. Referring to the task done by social worker in planning agencies.,Bringing about social change. Achieving social objectives. Planning of public social services.Include the coordination between public social services
2、 or local voluntary welfare activities, the rationing of public expenditure and the social work role.,Assess and monitor social impact of urban plan. Develop long term social development program. Conduct social research.Social planner copes with the social aspects of economic or physical development
3、.,Part of their effort is to promote development or other societal goals.Coordinate community services.Distribute community facilities. Involve grass root participation in planning process.,Social aspects in planning,Kirk (1980) :Planning is a social planning because it has social impacts either pla
4、nned or unplanned impact.,Gans (1968):Planning is about human, so design, land uses and the aesthetical aspects of urban planning must have social considerations.,Broady (1968):Planning should strengthen social institutions, develop human potentials, encourage social integration.,Jacob (1961):Archit
5、ecture and urban design may not determine human behaviour, but bad design can numb the human spirit and good design can have powerful, positive influences on human beings.,Keeble (1959): Socially successful planning tends to make peoples lives happier because it results in a physical environment whi
6、ch conduces to health, which allows convenient and safe passage from place to place, which facilitates social intercourse and which has visual attractiveness.,McAllister and McAllister (1941): Instead of town chaos we see town order. Instead of conditions which breed disease, unhappiness and crime,
7、we see a physical environment making for health, happiness and a positive social life.,Greed (1999):One of the most dynamic, changing and controversial of the planning is what may be broadly termed “social town planning. Policy proposals to meet the needs of minority interest and community groups wh
8、ich the present scope and nature of statutory town planning appears unable and ill equipped to meet.,Any movement to introduce policies that take into account more fully the needs of the diversity of human beings who lives in our cities (which many would argue the mainstream of town planning has fai
9、led to do).,Definition of social,Term opposite of individual. A group of people - society and community.Social welfare for the community interest, social benefits. Individual rights as a citizen. Is about community community participations in planning and decision making and community development co
10、ncepts.,Community: Can be synonymous with neighborhood or locality. Communities exist where a degree of social coherence develop on the basis of interdependence which in turn produces a uniformity of custom, taste and mode of thought and speech.,1. Area,General localities with definite names but imp
11、recise limits. Distinctive environment with clearer boundaries.Distinctive and internally homogeneous in terms of both environmental and physical characteristics.Areas united by particular activity patterns working or learning etc.,2. Common Ties and Social interaction,Those which contain close knit
12、 groups engaged in primary social interaction.Implies the existence of ties between people, with these ties being sufficiently strong to motivate individuals to act for the good of the collective rather than just the self.,SOCIAL ELEMENTS,Social cultureIs a way of life include knowledge, belief, art
13、, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. - Artifacts (tangible) - house, clothing, equipments etc.- Mantifacts (intangible) language, values, culture, belief etc.,Social system A set of social roles that interacts and/or social group with co
14、mmon values, norm and goals. An arrangements of parts or components that is interrelated to each other in an organisation.,Social institution A structural form and procedures being practise to manage, plan and implement activities to fulfill the social needs. Example: family, community.,Social contr
15、olMethods used to ensure social stability.Formal or informal form - in a form of penalty, punishment, rewards etc.,Social structureBased on status, role, values and social institutions.An arrangement of unit (sub system, organisations types and social institution). Land owner and peasant, rich and p
16、oor, superordinate and subordinate.,Class structure A group of individual with a same position based on political power, wealth, income, employment or means of production.High class, medium class, low class.,Social relationship Two types of relationship :Gemeinschaft - Basic unit of organization was the family or kin group, with social relationships characterised by depth, continuity, cohesion and fulfilment. Gesselschaft - Social and economic relationships based on rationality, efficiency and contractual obligations among individuals whose role had become specialized.,
