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1、语法：词类和句子成分,sunny,句子成分,根据词的形式，意义及其在句子中的功用，可将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有七种：,主语，谓语，宾语，表语，补语，定语，状语,主语subject,它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。在句中作主语的词有：名词，代词，数词，动词-ing分词，不定式，从句等。Time is money. Everybody is present.The first of July is the Partys birthday.Swimming is his favorite sport. To master
2、a foreign language requires time and effect.What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.,名词代词数词动词-ing分词不定式从句,英语陈述句的形式是“主+谓+宾”，但是倒装的情况也较多，即主语可以在谓语之前，甚至在谓语组成部分的中间。Look ,there comes little girl.Never in my life have I heard or seen such a thing.,谓语predicate：,说明主语的动作或状态的。谓语一般是由一个动词或动词短
3、语构成。语法特点是；一般在主语之后，有时态的标志。The sun rises in the east.we have learned the three basic logic functions.This book was first published in 19999.They live in the suburbs of shanghai.,表语predictive,它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份,特征和状态的。作表语的词有:名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动词-ing,分词，动词-ed和从句。This is a computer.Mary is the firs
4、t to arrive.She is very kind. Japan is to the east of China. I was surprised at the news.,名词数词形容词介词短语动词 ed分词,宾语object,它通常放在及物动词后面表示行为对象或结果等。直接宾语：直接宾语有名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词-ing分词和从句。Paper catches fire easily.名词You can take all these three.数词You must avoid calling on others on Sunday. 动词-ing分词间接宾语：指人的叫间接宾语，
5、指物的叫直接宾语。I gave him my address.Ill send Charles another ticket.复合宾语：有些动词除有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，句子的意义才能完整。宾语和宾语补足语结合在一起组成的结构，叫作复合宾语。I found him dheerful.They treated her as a child.Please help me to put these books in order.,定语attribute；,用来修饰名词，代词以及相当于名词的其他词，短语或从句称为定语。his is a glorious but difficult task
6、.Our government tries in every way to satisfy our need.We must live up to the Partys expectations. Liyuan is a man to be trusted. TThis is the place where he was born.,形容词,前置代词，前置所有格名词，前置不定式，后置从句，后置,它有一个语法特点：形容词，代词，数词，所有格名词和某些分词作前置定语；介词结构，动词不定式，从句，分词结构和副词作后置定语。,补语object complement,补语又叫宾语补足语，位于宾语之后，有
7、以补足宾语的内容。We call her “big sister”.He kept me waiting half a day. Lets show him out.They found the boy in the well.,“big sister名词,waiting动词-ing分词,Out 副词,in the well介词短语,可用作补语的词有名词，形容语，副词，介词短语，不定式，动词-ing分词和动词-ed分词等。,状语adverbial：,用来修饰动词，形容词，副词，介词短语或状语从句，以及全句的词，短语或从句称为状语。在句中可以作状语的有：副词，介词短语，不定式，分词和从句。He is well thought of by his fellow workers.副词People lined up for buses and got on them in an orderly way.介词短语They did evertthing they could to save the soldiers life.不定式I began to get te shakes just thinking about the test.分词,
