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1、from: The ACS Style Guide, Chapter 2,科技英语写作语法错误举例,1 Subject-Verb Agreements 例1 Application of this technique to studies on phytoplankton biomass and its environments are described.说明 The subject is “application”, which is singular. Application of this technique to is described.,Sometimes, two singul
2、ar subjects joined by “and” cause this error.例2 Growth and isolation of M13 virus was described Growth and isolation of M13 virus were described.Exception: A subject that is plural in form but singular in effect takes a singular verb.例3 The name and address of each contributor is given on the title
3、page.例4 Research and development is attracting a growing number of young scientists.,However, when two or more subjects are joined by “or”, the verb takes the number of the closest subject.例5 Application or uses were noted. Uses or application was noted.,Collective nouns take a singular verb when th
4、e group as a whole is meant, they take a plural verb when individuals of the group are meant.例6 The series is arranged in order of decreasing size. 说明 Refers to the series as a unit.例7 A series of compounds were tested. 说明 Refers to each compound.,例8 A series of low molecular weight phenolphthalein
5、epoxy resins ( Mn500700) has been prepared from phenolphthalein and epichlorohydrin using K2CO3(Na2CO3)/H2O as catalysts instead of NaOH/H2O. A series of low molecular weight phenolphthalein epoxy resins ( Mn500700) heve been prepared from phenolphthalein and epichlorohydrin using K2CO3(Na2CO3)/H2O
6、as catalysts instead of NaOH/H2O.,例9 Experimental data that we obtained are compared with previously reported results. 说明 Refers to the data as individual results. 例10 After the data are distributed, we can meet to discuss them. After the data is distributed, we can meet to discuss it. 说明 Refers to
7、the whole collection of data as one unit.,例11 None of the samples was soluble. None of the samples were soluble. 说明 Refers to individuals.例12 This group of workers are well aware of their responsibilities. This group of workers is well aware of its responsibilities. 说明 Refers to the group as a unit.
8、,Units of measurement are treated as collective nouns and therefore take a singular subject.例13 The mixture was stirred, and 5 mL of diluent were added. The mixture was stirred, and 5 mL of diluent was added.例14 Five grams of NaCL were added to the solution. Five grams of NaCL was added to the solut
9、ion.例15 Three weeks are needed to complete the experiment. Three weeks is needed to complete the experiment.,Compound subjects containing the words “each”, “every”, and “everybody” may take singular verbs.例16 Each flask and each holder was sterilized before use.Both components of the compound subjec
10、t must contain the words in question. Otherwise, the verb must be plural.例17 Each student and all of the professors were invited.,Restrictive and Nonrestrictive ClausesWhen a clause in a compound sentence is restrictive, the clause is necessary to the sense of the sentence, the sentence would become
11、 pointless without the clause. Restrictive clauses are best introduced by “that”, not “which”.例18 It was necessary to fined a blocking group which would react with the amino group but not with the hydroxyl. It was necessary to fined a blocking group that would react with the amino group but not with
12、 the hydroxyl.,When a clause is nonrestrictive, it adds information, but the sentence does not lose its meaning if the clause is deleted.Nonrestrictive clause are introduced by “which” are set off by commas.例19 The current-voltage curves, which are shown in Figure 6, clearly demonstrate the reversib
13、ility of all four processes.,3Dangling Modifiers （垂悬修饰语）One form of a dangling modifier is a verbal phrase that not refer clearly and logically to another word or phrase in the sentence.例20 Understanding the effect of substituents on the parent molecules, the ortho hydrogens could be assigned to the
14、 high-frequency peak.Understanding the effect of substituents on the parent molecules, we could assign the ortho hydrogens to the high-frequency peak.,例21 Using the procedure described previously, the partition function can be evaluated. the partition function can be evaluated by using the procedure
15、 described previously. Or, Using the procedure described previously, we can evaluate the partition function.,4 Awkward Omissions of Verbs and Auxiliary VerbsBe sure that each subject in a compound sentence has the proper verbs and auxiliary verbs.例22 The eluant was added to the column, and the samples collected in 10-mL increments. The eluant was added to the column, and the samples were collected in 10-mL increments.,
