《Sustainable Methods and Techniques in Old and New Public Constructions》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Sustainable Methods and Techniques in Old and New Public Constructions（12页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Nov2013，Volume 7，No1 1(Serial No72)，PP14331444 Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture，ISSN 1 934-73 59，USA 毒LI量HIN Sustainable Methods and Techniques in Old and New Public Constructions Mauricio Noya ，Ana Lucia Torres Seroa da Motta and Wagner Abreu2 1Department ofCivil Engineering,Universida
2、de Federal FluminenseUFF)。Niter6i 2421 0240。Brazil 2Brazilian Institute ofGeography and Statistics，Rio de Janeiro 20021120,Brazil Abstract：This article is about the methods and techniques used in the building“retrofit”in modernist style designed by the architect Aflf0nso Eduardo Reidy in the fifties
3、and also about the project of the new Rio de Janeiro MIS(Museum of Image and Sound)， under constructionby The NorthAmerican omce Diller Scofidio+Renfro，both located in the city of Rio de JaneiroThese constructions present a wide view of the concept of sustainability，not commonly used in public build
4、ings in BrazilIn the building designed by Reidy，which belongs to the State of Rio de Janeiro，the regeneration to host the new headquarters of the State Department of Taxation and Finance respected its original characteristics and used smart and sustainable design techniquesas well as recyclable mate
5、rialsOn the other hand，the project of the new museum at Copacabana Beach was entirely planned on sustainable bases and it includes the application of building techniques concerning that purposeThis article presents a study of these two cases and evaluates the techniques and materials used in one ano
6、therObserving the principles of sustainability in construction is a pioneering initiative of the State GovernmentThis article aims at making the scientific community aware of the needs of immediate adoption of sustainability techniques in Civil Engineering，not only in the construction of new buildin
7、gs，but also in the regeneration of the existing onesas well as the need of imperious adoption of sustainable techniques when it comes to maintainability Key words：Sustainability，building techniques，retrofit，public buildings 1IntrOductiOn In most countries，the civil construction industry corresponds
8、to a great share of the national GDP (gross domestic product)In Brazil，the productive chain of the sector is responsible for more than 92 of the GDP，corresponding to 40of the total investments and generating more than 1 0 million jobs 1However，the civil construction industry is one of the economy se
9、ctors which has great impact on the natural environment2】This impact is due to the great consumption of materials，about 75of the available natural resources，as it also occurs in the United States【3，4】In countries such as Japan，it is estimated that this consumption reaches 50of raw material inputs5】
10、The sector is responsible for 12to 16of the Corresponding author：Mauricio Noya,master，PhD candidate，research field：sustainability in civil engineering E-mail：mauricionoyahotmailcom total water consumptionfor 25of the use of f0rest wood，for 30to 40of energy，and for 40of extractive raw materia1The sec
11、tor is also responsible f0r the generation Of 40Of residues of all human activities-during the execution of a construction， 1 5Of the materials become residues-among these， from 1 5to 30are deposited in landfillsThe civil construction industry is also responsible for the production of 20to 3 0of GHE
12、s(greenhouse gases)，like carbon dioxide(C02)，the main pollutant In the worldCO2 emissions by the sector reach 3， mostly from the decarbonization of limestone during the production of cement【6，7】In Brazil，C02 emissions reach 6and the productive chain of the civil construction sector represents 8of th
13、e total emissions of GHEs in the country8A great share of the burning of fossil fuels must be added to these figures Another relevant fact in terms of environmental 1434 Sustainable Methods and Techniques in Old and New Public ConstructiOns impact is due to the buildings and how they work According
14、to Watson9，buildings are the greatest energy consumers of the planetIt is estimated that at a global level，the working of buildings is responsible for 25of CO2 emissions-including not only direct emissionssuch as the burning of fossil fuels for environmental conditioning，water heating and cooking， b
15、ut also the indirect ones，such as the emissions associated to electricity purchased by others1 0 Therefore，the civil construction industry represents one of the most inefficient models of production and consumption there is ISAIA6In Brazil，despite the growing concern in relation to environmental iss
16、ues， civil construction is still at the beginning of what we could call the first stage of environmentally correct productionIn this respect，we can point out legal documents such as Resolution n3072002 by CONAMA(National Environment Council in Brazil) which sets guidelines，criteria and procedures for the management ofresidues in civil construction11，and initiatives of sustainable construction like the two
