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1、完形填空和与语法与词汇,专项训练,完形填空的测试要求,测试目的：测试学生综合语言知识和技能。测试要求： 1）要求考生在全面理解所给短文内容基础上选择一个最佳答案是短文的意思和结构恢复完整。 2）考试时间是15分钟。 3）主要考查学生的语言综合运用能力，它将词汇、语法和阅读三方面的能力结合起来。 语法词汇部分测试考生运用词汇、短语、语法结构以及基本语法概念的能力。阅读理解部分侧重理解，要求考生达到认知即可。完形填空部分则要求考生在满足语法词汇和阅读理解的要求的基础上，对具体语言只是进行灵活运用。,能力要求：不仅要掌握大纲所要求的5,500-6,000的词汇量和语法知识，还要有较好的阅读理解能力和
2、对文章语言情景的较好掌握。,试题分析,选材特点：文章形式多为记叙文、说明文和议论文，内容涵盖社会文化、科普知识、日常生活、人物传记等各个方方面。考点规律及测试重点： 1）上下文的联系以及短语结构的内在凝聚 2）大部分题目围绕理解材料的主要内容；判断作者的意图以及运用归纳和演绎等逻辑思维过程；作者文中提到的各个时间的顺序、因果、转折、对比等关系,完形填空常见题型,语篇分析题语法词汇题语篇分析与语法词汇的结合应对策略通读全文，掌握文章大意，弄清文章结构，了解作者思路和意图。重读全文，分析选项，边读边做三读全文，检查上下文是否矛盾，前后观点是否一致，逻辑关系是否合理。,分析选项注意的问题,连接性词语
3、， 如列举、因果、转折、对比等关系表示作者态度的词语从属连接词名词、动词、形容词等实词固定词组的搭配理顺以下关系： 以上下文为依据的顺序、因果、转折等关系 理顺新旧关系 理顺比较关系、替代关系和指代关系,语法的考点规律,语法的测试点主要集中在： 非谓语动词的用法（动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词） 虚拟语气 定语从句 状语从句 名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语 从句和同位语从句） 动词的时态和语态 情态动词 倒装和省略等特殊句型 形容词和副词的比较结构 限定词、反义疑问句、代词的指代,词汇的考点规律,词汇测试点： 名词、动词/动名词、形容词/副词、习惯用语/固定搭配词汇试题涉及： 1
4、）词义辨析：形近义异词、形异义近词（对词义的熟练掌握、形异义异词（认知词汇） 2）词语搭配：常用短语、固定搭配和惯用搭配：名词与介词、动词与介词的搭配；动词与副词以及动词和名词的搭配 3）习惯用语：固定词组，其意义不能从字面推测出来，各组成部分不能随意替换或增减,Subjunctive mood虚拟语气,虚拟条件句 If I knew the fact, I would tell you.If I had been there yesterday, I would have helped her like him.If you were to see John, what would you
5、tell him?If you should succeed, you would become rich.,虚拟语气与陈述语气和祈使语气的混合使用,条件句中用“should+动词原形”的形式e.g.If it should rain, the sports meeting will be put off.Should you chang your mind, let us know.( If you should change)Even if it should get stormy, I will go.,2. 省略if的虚拟条件句的用法e.g.Were I to meet him tom
6、orrow, I should ask him about it.Had I had the money, I would have bought the house.Without/But for your help, I couldnt have finished the job on time.Under such circumstance, I would probably have done the same.In the absence of the keeper, the house would have been burned down.But that the soldier
7、 caught her, the little girl would have fallen into river.,I ran all the way to school, otherwise, I would have been late.He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you.I ought to have remembered to tell them the decision this morning, but I was so busy that I forgot to do it.,3. 名词性从句中的虚
8、拟语气1） 宾语从句 表示命令、建议、要求、坚持等动词后面的宾语从句用(should)+verb suggest, recommend, command, order, require, request, demand, propose, etc.2)主语从句。形式为： (should)+verb It is necessary/ important/essential/suggested/advisable/vital/required/requested/ordered that you (should) take the medicine.,3)表语从句和同位语从句，在表示建议、命令、主
9、张、目的、愿望和要求的呢过名词后面的的表语从句和同位语从句，形式为： (should)+verbThe proposal that he (should) be invited was rejected.Her suggestion is that Tom (should) give up the plan.decision, resolution(决心，决议）proposal, suggestion, demand, advice, order, requirement, necessity, request, et.,4) 公式化用语Home is home, be it ever so
10、homely.God bless you!God damn you!Heaven fordid!（天理不容！）So be it.（但愿如此。就这样吧。）He will remain here if need be.Far be it from me to do sth.(我极不愿)Suffice it to say that(只需说.就够了。） I will marry him all the same _. A.Was he rich or poor B.Whether rich or poor C.Were he rich or poor D.Be rich or poor,4. 特殊句型
11、中1) would rather/would sooner/would just as soon/might as well/would prefer但愿，宁愿I would rather they came tomorrow.I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.2) Its (high/aoubt) time that It is time we went home.,3) if onlyIf only I were a bird.If only she could/would marry me.If only I
12、 hadnt been ill last week.4) as if/ as thoughShe talks to me as if she were my sister.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,5) Wish后面的宾语从句I wish I knew the answer to eh question.I wish they had not lost the chance.6) lest, for fear that, in case后面的从句用（should）+verb的形式,lest,lest, for fea
13、r that, in case后面接的句子要用虚拟语气，(should) + verb的形式e.g.We ran as fast as we can lest we (should) miss the train.He did not tell his father about the exam lest he (should) get mad at him.He took his coat with him in case it (should) rain.He handled the instrument with care for fear that it (should) be dam
14、aged.,alter, convert, transform, modify,这些动词均含有“变化，改变”之意。1. alter : 常指轻微的改变，强调基本上保持原物、原状的情况下所进行的部分改变。 She is trying to alter the coat.2. .convert : 指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。兑换货币We convert him, and we capture his inner mind; we reshape him.(我们要改造他, 从思想上把他争取过来, 让他脱胎换骨。)3.modify : 使更适合所进
15、行的调整和修改，使温和。指细小的变化，常含“缓和、降调”的意味。语法术语：修饰The software we used has been modified for us. to modify your behavior/language/views使让人容易接受4.transform : 指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。The sofa can transform for use as a bed.(这个沙发可改作床用。,convert vt. 变化2. 换衣服, 换车vt. 1. 交换, 更换2. 兑换(货币)3. 使不同4. （使）变换，改换，
16、变成5. 转换；变更6. 互换；交换7. 换（床单等）8. 换零钱9. 退换；掉换10. 换乘；转乘 n. 1. 改变, 变化, 变更2. 低值硬币, 零钱3. 找回的钱4. （会令人感兴趣或可喜的）变化，变更5. 替代；更换；替代物6. 额外一套衣物（等）7. 辅币；硬币；分币8. 换车；转车；换机9. 常用复数钟乐；钟调；钟声的变调 10. (月亮)转换相位11. 【生理学】(妇女的)绝经；绝经期，更年期vi. 1. 交换，互换；转换2. 改期 modify vt. & vi. 1. 修改, 更改vt. 1. 修饰2. 调整；稍作修改；使更适合3. 缓和；使温和4. 改变；改造；改装5. 减轻；缓和；降低6. 【语音学】变换(元音)7. 【语法学】修饰 transform vt. & vi. 1. 改变vt. 1. 使改变形态；使改变外观（或性质），使改观 alter vt. & vi. 1. 改变, 更改,
