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1、Chapter 8Modern Poetry,lecturer:Cathy 2012-11-23,Background,In the 20th century, poetry became prosperous in America, and it was mainly about two themes, introspection and social criticism. Poets explored the depths of their feelings about the injustices of society. Thus, there emerged a great poetr
2、y boom in 1912-1922.,Major Moderm Poetry Writers,Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)Ezra Loomis Pound (1885-1972)Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965)E. A. Robinson (1869-1935)Robert Lee Frost (1874-1963),Wallace Stevens(18791955) “Poetry is the supreme fiction.”,Wallace Stevens life,Born in Reading,Pennsylvania
3、,on October 2,1879Educated in Harvard as a special student in 1897As a reporter in New York City ,1900-1901Married Elsie Viola Kachel in 1909,turned to insurrance businessBecame Vice president of Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company in 1934Died in Hartford on August 2,1955,Wallace Stevenss Family
4、 Album,About Wallace Stevens,The devotion to the making of money and poetry as a businessman, a lawyer, and a poet: moneysensuous experiencethe basic element of his poetry2. Stay-at-home type: not through traveling but through art, literature, and philosophy to acquire the essence of the European cu
5、lture3. Influenced by French symbolist poets: the philosophical thoughts are instilled(灌输) in his poetry,Wallace Stevenss Main Works,Stevenss first published work appeared in 1914 in Poetry magazine. Harmonium (1923)-风琴 was his first collection of verse. It contains some of his best known poems, inc
6、luding “Le Monocle de Mon Oncle,” “The Emperor of Ice Cream,” Sunday Morning,” “Anecdote of the Jar,” “Peter Quince at the Clavier,” and “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird.”,Wallace Stevenss Main Works,Later works of poetry included -Ideas of Order (1935)-秩序的思考, -The Man with the Blue Guitar (
7、1937), 弹蓝色吉他的男人-Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction (1942), which is often considered his masterpiece-The Auroras of Autumn (1950).-秋日晨曦 ,Wallace Stevenss Main Works,In 1955 Stevenss Collected Poems (1954) -诗集won the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in poetry. Opus Posthumous (1957) -诗选appeared
8、 after his death, containing previously unpublished prose and poetry. Many of Stevenss critical essays are included in The Necessary Angel (1951)必要的天使The Letters of Wallace Stevens appeared in 1966.,Main Features,Many of his poems use references to painting, music, and color.From the beginning, his
9、poetry is abstact, philosophical, and difficult. His interest in the question of art and the gaiety of his language.,Stevenss Philosophical Thoughts and Writing Style,Main topic: the relationship between reality and poetry, nature and imagination2 kinds of reality: a. The objective reality: the perc
10、eptions by the five senses b. The subjective reality: mental world dominated by imagination (to arrange the chaotic information from the sensual perception),3. Hedonism: the significance on the enjoyment of sensual emotions4. Poetry of statement: an act of faith in the sense of “nothingness” in real
11、ity5. Simple lines: an emphasis on vocabulary and imagery rather than prosody6. The faith in poetry: when no one believes in God, it is necessary to believe in something else, such as poetry, a thing created by imagination,The Emperor of Ice-Cream,Call the roller of big cigars,The muscular one, and
12、bid him whip In kitchen cups concupiscent curds.-concupiscent: a strong desire, especially sexual desire; lust.curds: a coagulated liquid(凝乳),Let the wenches dawdle in such dress As they are used to wear, and let the boys Bring flowers in last months newspapers.-wenches:a young woman or girl, especi
13、ally a peasant girl; a wanton woman（水性杨花的女人）dawdle: to waste time by idling,Let be be finale of seem. The only emperor is the emperor of ice-cream.-be: what isfinale: the concluding partseem: what appears,Take from the dresser of deal, Lacking the three glass knobs, that sheet 10On which she embroid
14、ered fantails once And spread it so as to cover her face.-deal:plain, unfinished wood.fantails: any of a breed of domestic pigeons having a rounded, fan-shaped tail（扇状尾）,If her horny feet protrude, they come To show how cold she is, and dumb.Let the lamp affix its beam. 15The only emperor is the emperor of ice-cream.-horny: tough and calloused; (vulgar slang: sexually aroused)protrude: to push outwardaffix: secure, append,雪糕王,快叫卷大个雪茄的卷烟工那个健壮的卷烟工，让他搅拌厨房杯中的诱人凝乳让那闲逛的妇女穿上她们的日常衣服让男童用旧报纸包好鲜花带过来人生苦短尽情享乐雪糕王就是唯一的王,从厨柜里拿出那缺少三个玻璃纽扣的绣花布她曾在布上绣过美丽的尾扇绣花布覆盖在她的脸上她双脚布满老茧她是如此的冰冷和无助让我们忘却死亡继续前行雪糕王就是唯一的王,
