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1、Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsLearning about language,高一人教新课标版必修三,Noun clauses as the subject,Grammar,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句, 通常 放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替, 而本身放在句子末尾。 How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious.,主语从句,引导主语从句的关联词有三类：1) 从属连词that。如:
2、 That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.2)从属连词whether。如：Whether hell come here isnt clear.3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, 连接副词 where, when, how, why。What she did is not yet known.How this happened is not clear to anyone. Who
3、ever comes is welcome.,主语从句三要素,he became a great scientist is known to us all.,Is what you told me really true?,谓语动词用单数,从句用陈述语序,不能省略关联词,Notice:,What we need most are books.,How,在主语从句中, 谓语一般用单数。,无论他说什么都不重要。Whatever he says is of no importance Whoever says that is wrong,但谓语动词用单数还是复数, 不可一概而论, 而要视句子的意义而
4、定。 What I need is money.What I need are books.,what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, 而that 则不然。 1) What you said yesterday is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation.,Whatever and whoever,Whatever=anything that Whoever=anyone whoWhoever breaks the law should be punish
5、ed。=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.,whether 和if都可以和or not连用, 但是whether之后可以直接跟or not, 而if则不能, I dont care whether or not your car breaks down.I dont know whether or not hes coming.但是不可以说：I dont care if or not your car breaks down.,whether 与 if, whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构 (选择问句的后一部分除外); 而if则
6、可以跟 否定结构, 如: I dont care if she doesnt come. I dont care if it doesnt rain. 但是, 在某些动词或形容词之后, 则可以用 whether引导一个否定结构的句子, 这种 结构往往表示肯定的含义, 如： I wonder whether he doesnt think too much of himself. =I think he does think too much of himself.,在个别动词之后, 如discuss 等, 只跟用 whether引导的宾语从句, 如: They discussed whethe
7、r they should close the shop. We discussed whether Mary could join us.whether 可以引导从句作介词的宾语, 而if则不能, 如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not.,whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用, 而if则不能, 如: I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to go or not. 引导主语从句 (包括从句在句首的位置) 应当 用whether, 不用if
8、, 如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will come, I am not sure.,引导表语从句用whether, 不用if, 如:The question is whether you should accept it.The question is whether he will speak at the meeting.引导同位语从句用whether,不用if, 如:The question whether hell attend the meeting is essential.I am in doubt wh
9、ether I should agree to the plan.,不可省略的连词：1.引导主语, 同位语, 表语从句的连词不可省略。2. it作形式宾语的宾语从句3. 并列宾语从句中, 后面的从句引导词。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.The reason is that he is too careless.I think it necessary that you should read aloud.He told (that) his father had di
10、ed and that he had to make a living by himself.,That的省略的问题,(NMET1996) 1. _wellgocamping tomorrowdependsontheweather.2. I have just discuss _ we should give him enough help.3. They had no idea _ or notthey could achieve their goals.,Whether,whether,whether,用it 作形式主语的结构(1),(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact
11、 that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识,(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是,用it 作形式主语的结构(2),(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎,(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said
12、that 据说,【即学即练】 _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where 2. _ I have will be yours sooner or later. A. No matter what B. No matter whatever C. Whatever D. That,B,C,3. _ we will hold the sports meet in time depends on _ it will be fine. A.
13、If; if B. If; whetherC. Whether; if D. Whether; whether 4. _ worries us a lot that so many students drop out of school in the poor mountainous areas. A. It B. That C. One D. What,D,A,5. _ wants to run a business in this district must get a permit from the government first. A. Who B. Whoever C. No ma
14、tter who D. Those who,B,真题详解,1. -Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats _. A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited,A,解析: 这是由what 引导的一个表语从句, 在从句中充当主语, 这句话的意思为: 那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。,2. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where,
