专业八级 阅读,,,一、考试大纲要求 二、考点剖析与试题类型 三、考试解题步骤与技巧 四、考前准备,一、测试要求,(a)能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论、政治和书评，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节b)能读懂一般历史传记及文学作品，既能理解其字面意义又能理解其隐含意义c)能分析上述题材的文章的思想观点，通篇布局，语言技巧及修辞手法 (d)能够在阅读中调整自己的阅读速度e)考试时间 30分钟,,题型： 采用多项选择题，选一最佳答案，数篇材料组成含3，000个单词每篇材料后面有若干小题共20题 速度： 约150个单词/分钟选材： A) 题材广泛，社会、文化、科技、经济、日常知识，人物传记 B) 体裁：记叙文、说明文、描写文、议论文、广告、说明书、图表,,二、考点剖析与试题类型,,1. 主旨类题（主题思想、概括总结）2. 细节类题（判断正误类）3. 语义类4. 文章体裁类5. 作者观点、态度类6. 推断类,,八级阅读考试的试题从编制形式看，有回忆性的（recall），定义性的（definition），解释性的（interpretation），推论性的（inference），分析性的（analysis），评价性的（evaluation）。
从读者对文本的认知和理解的角度看，涉及的有主旨类、细节类、判断正误类、推断类、文章题材和体裁类、态度语气类主题思想类,主要涉及主题思想、文章的目的、文章主要讨论的话题、文章的题目等，题型大致有：What’s the main idea of the passage?What’s the purpose of the author in writing this article?Which of the following is the author’s main purpose in the passage?What is the main topic of this passage?The passage is mainly /primarily discusses/ concerned /deals with _____. The article aims to _____. The passage could best be entitled _____.,总结概括类,此类题常常是作者对整篇文章的总结或结论，也可能是对一个段落或一个话题的概括考题主要有以下几种形式：According to the author /passage it can be concluded that _____. We can safely conclude from the passage that _____. The main conclusion from … is _____.,关键性的细节,此类题目涉及到各种相关的细节，尤其是一些关键性的支持细节，这种细节可以是具体的事实，如人物、事物、时间、地点、数据，也可能是具体的原因、结果、条件、方式等等。
此类题目覆盖面广，出现频率非常高，试题形式因文章内容不同而不同往往从正面或反面提问题以往八级考试中出现过的题目有：,Who can enter the contest?Which of the following is considered to be Otmar Nussio’s masterpiece?Which of the following composers was born and later died in the same city?How long did … work as an engineering writer?In the good years Mercedes could sell about _[number]cars. The writer believes the problems … will most probably only be solved by _____.People will only think better of travel medicine if _____. The city that doesn’t have a Lord Mayor is _____. Harlen was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and 1930s mainly because of its _____. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was that _____.,主导性或突出性观点和事实,多数情况下，一篇文章中，作者阐述的观点、叙述的事件或描述的原理或现象等，可能不只有一个，但是主导性或主流性的观点、事件、原理、现象等始终是作者强调的重点，同样也是读者和题目编制所关注的重点。
这类题目主要涉及到整篇文章，也可以是一个段落里的主导性观点、事实，另外还尤其要注意一些极端性或突显性观点、事实题目设置可以是以下几种方式：,,The author in Para. 2 mainly talks about _____. The most important /interesting … is _____. The point that the author /scientist lays his emphasis on is _____. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their _____. What seems to have been predominant in the mind of the narrator during this episode?Of the following, which is the most /least common?,相似、相反、对比性（反对性）观点和事实,通常作者在阐述主导性观点或事实的同时，还会提出一些其他相关的观点或事实，有的是与之相类似的，有的是正好相反或相对的观点和事实。
读者能否正确区分和理解这些观点和事实的相关性，往往决定着其对文章内容和作者意图的认识的全面和充分与否，所以也是八级阅读考试的考查点之一这类题目的形式可以是：,,According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of _____. What is the difference between … and …?Besides the merits of the system, the author also mentions such demerits as _____. One factor both panic and heart attacks have in common is _____. Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that _____. Why does the author mention the “mother” and “father” in the first paragraph?According to the passage, the differences between government and business lie in the following areas EXCEPT _____.,容易混淆的观点和事实,一篇文章中可能会出现多个相互关联而又容易混淆的观点和事实，例如列举多个数据、人物、具体物件，阐述多个不同人群、学派等对某一问题的观点与态度等，或者某种事物或现象经过不同历史时期的沿革等等。
当文章作者阐述较为复杂观点的时候，为使论述更丰满，描写更详细，可能会采用多角度、多例证的方法这些具体的事实或观点搅和在一起，容易引起混乱但这些事实或观点往往会是作者要阐述或解释的重点，出题者往往借此考查我们明辨是非的能力，因此经常是考点此类题目他设置可以是判断是非类，但很多情况要根据具体内容而定，没有固定的模式题目类型有：,,Which of the following statements is true /correct?Which of the following statements is NOT true /correct?In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT _____. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the following reasons EXCEPT _____. Which of the following group is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage?At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that _,细节题答题方法,第一类问题：与文中某个事实直接相关（如时间、地点、数字等）方法：“对号入座”法，即带着问题找句子第二类问题：答案与原文在字面上的差异很大方法：准确理解原文中与问题相关的一句话。
做题步骤,1. 浏览问题，发现关键词和起主导作用的内容切记：问题出现的前后次序与文章诸信息的次序一致2. 浏览阅读文章，寻找关键词和主导内容作者实际使用的词、同义词以及与之相关的词都不能疏忽）3. 根据第一、二步得到的信息回答问题4. 浏览问题后诸选择项，检查文中的细节信息和哪一选择项相符5. 当问题中含有not和except时，需特别小心，并努力在文章中找到有力的证据语义类,要求既能理解字面意义，又能理解其隐含意义What does the word “dyspepsia” in para. 2 mean?According to the context, the word “parties” at the end of the first paragraph refers to ______. When the author says that an “oracle suffered from which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu” he is meaning _____.,文章的整体风格、体裁形式,此类题目经常出现，但难度不大。
问题设置中常见的涉及文章体裁方面的词汇有argumentation, description, exposition, narration. 涉及文体和语言风格的词语有formal, informal, frozen, colloquial, archaic (古体的)，poetic, metaphoric, symbolic.,,The passage is most probably taken from a _____. The passage would most probably appear in _____. The index is most probably from a book on _____. From which of the following publications is the passage taken?The content of the passage can best be described as _____. The passage can best be categorized as _____. The language of the passage is _____. The passage creates an overall impression of _____.,。