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1、书面表达讲解与训练如何谋篇布局及学习连接词一. 教学内容：书面表达讲解与训练1. 如何谋篇布局写好篇章结构2. 学习连接词把握连接上下文的关键（一）写作基础讲解与练习：掌握如何写好篇章的技巧：1. 注意篇章结构，合理布局开始部分（Opening paragraph ）-说出文中的要点、核心问题。正文部分 (Body paragraphs) - 围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。结尾部分 （Concluding paragraph）- 对全文的总结和概括。要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，去除与主题无关的内容。2. 确定主题句主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在
2、文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。写主题句应注意以下几点：（1）归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点（2）提炼出一句具有概括性的话（3）主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。下面我们通过例子来学习、体会“主题句”范例 1：Something unpleasant happened to us on our way to the beach. In the morning, while we were waiting to buy train tickets in the railway station, a bus driver
3、came over to us. He told us he also was going to the beach, the ride was cheap, and the bus was air-conditioned. We felt grateful and got on his bus. As we were talking happily on the way, the bus suddenly stopped. The driver said he needed two hours to repair the engine. While he was working on the
4、 engine, he turned off the air-conditioner. He actually took four hours to finish his job, and we spent the whole morning sweating in the heat! 范例 2：I am an active boy and I talk more than listen. When I talk with my friends, Im always ready to express myself. Im not afraid to tell others what I thi
5、nk. I am usually the focus of the attention because I often have lots of ideas that interest everyone. In my opinion, people should share and exchange each others ideas. But when I am with the quiet people I feel the air is frozen. Im always trying to find a topic and start a conversation. In this w
6、ay, People will like me and feel happy.In a word, I am optimistic and active and I can make everybody as confident as me.范例 3：根据下面表格以“Changes in Peoples Diet ”为题写一篇短文。 Year Fod 1986 1987 198 198 190 Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45% Milk 10 1 1 12 13 eat 17% 20% 2.5% 23% 21% Fruit and vegtables 24 2 20 20
7、 21 Total 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 审题列提纲：（1）state the changes in peoples diet in the past five years;（2）give possible reasons for the changes;（3）draw your own conclusions.Diet is very important in peoples life. From 1986 to 1990, peoples diet changed a lot. Grain was no longer regarded as the main food.
8、And as the proportion(比例) of fruit and vegetable declined, the consumption of milk and meat increased.What caused these changes? There are two reasons. One is that with the development of science, people began to realize the importance of maintaining a balanced diet. The other is that people had mor
9、e money to spend and could afford more expensive food. They tried to change their low-priced diet into a more varied one. They were eager to build up a strong body by improving their living standards.With the development of our economy and improvement of our food supply, further changes will take pl
10、ace in peoples diet.看高考题体会主题句及篇章布局：98 年高考学生范文I had been looking forward to today for long! Seven in the morning we gathered at our school gate, and then, we six-grade students of No.1 Middle School went to Red Star Farm for a visit. On arriving there, we were welcomed warmly by the guard and several
11、 farmers. Then the guard showed us around the whole farm. We were all struck by the sight of hard working. In the noon we had a wonderful picnic on the grass. We were so glad that after lunch we turned on the radio carried by Mingming. Most of us danced to music happily, while others also enjoyed th
12、emselves talking together. Four in the afternoon, we said goodbye to the guard and all the farmers. What a nice day!本篇文章思路清晰，要点明确，前后呼应，加强了文章的整体性。高考书面表达参考答案：Today we visited a farm. Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together. The farm workers gave us a warm welcome. Then t
13、he head of the farm showed us around. How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well. At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes or stories. Two of us even played a game of chess. The time passed quickly. Befo
14、re we knew it, we had to say goodbye to the workers.（二）学习连接词-把握连接上下文的关键要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词下面请你认真学习并学会运用下列常见连接词 表示罗列增加 first, second, third, first, then/next, after that/ next, finallyfor one thingfor another, on (the)one handon the other hand,besides / whats more/ in addition / furthermore/ mo
15、reover /another/ also, especially/ In particular, 表示时间顺序 now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with,later, next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment , as soon as, the momentfrom now
16、 on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile,till, not.until, before, after, when , while, as, during, 表示解释说明 now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover furthermore, in fact, actually 表示转折关系 but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except(for), instead, of course, after all, 表示并列关系 or
