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1、Education,Module 4,Unit 3,Language in use,Grammar,现在完成时(3),要表达某一行为或某一状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，我们可用现在完成时表达。如：I have lived in Beijing for 10 years.我在北京住了10年了。I have studied English for four years.我学习英语已经四年了。I have been in this school since 2000.从2000年起我就一直在这所学校。,I have lived here since my childhood.我从小就一直住在这里
2、。从以上例句可以看出，在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，要加表示一段时间的时间状语，常用的是for或since引导的状语。注意，for后接一段时间，如for a long time, for 10 years等等，而since后接时间点，如since August 2003, since yesterday, since two oclock等。,在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用how long，如对上面的句子可以这样提问How long have you lived in Beijing?你在北京住多久了？How long have you studied English?你学习英语
3、多久了？How long have you been in this school?你在这所学校待多久了？How long have you lived here?你在这里住多久了？,注意： 在表示某一行为或状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，时态的使用是不同的。如：I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这个旅馆住了一周。 “住旅馆”是去年夏天的事情，故用一般过去时；,I have stayed in the hotel for a week by now.到现在为止，我已经在这个旅馆住了一周了。表示到现在为止已经住了一周，故
4、用现在完成时。I will stay in the hotel for a week next month.下个月我会在这个旅馆住上一周。是下个月将要发生的事情，故用将来时。,同学们要注意，在现在完成时的句子中，点动词（终止性动词）一般不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。试比较：汤姆已经来了两小时了。()Tom has come for two hours. ()Tom has been here for two hours.,延续性动词,buy have leave be away (from) borrow keep join be in /be a member ofcome to / get
5、 to / reach / arrive (in/at )/ move to be (in) / stay (in/at ),但如果现在完成时的谓语动词是点动词的否定形式，则一般可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用。如：My parents havent seen me for two years.我的父母两年没见到我了。,同学们要注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。虽然这两个时态都和过去发生的事情有关，但是现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。,现在完成时与一般过去时,I have just been to London
6、. I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago.我已经写完作业了，我是一个小时之前写完的。,在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是一般过去时呢？判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句所强调的是什么。试看以下各例：,A: Where have you put my book? 你把我的书放在哪儿了？B: I put it on your desk, but I dont know why it is not th
7、ere now. 我放在你的书桌上了，可我不知道 为什么现在书不在哪儿。 当 A 问对方把自己的书放在何处时， 是想知道书现在在什么地方，他感兴 趣的是现在的结果，因此用现在完成 时。,B: I put it on your desk, but I dont know why it is not there now. 我放在你的书桌上了，可我不知道 为什么现在书不在哪儿。 但是 B 回答时清楚地说不知道为什 么书不在自己放的地方, 由此来看， 说把书放在课桌上只是说明当时的 位置，并不强调对现在的影响，所 以用一般过去时。,再看以下各句： A: Have another piece, plea
8、se. 再来一块吧。B: Thank you. Ive had enough. 谢谢。我已经饱了。A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight? 你今晚想和我一起去看电影吗？B: Thank you very much, but I have seen it already. 谢谢，我已经看过了。,以上两组对话中的现在完成时都表示对结果的强调，即吃饱了，所以不想再吃了；电影看过了，所以不想再看了。,课堂小测验,Individual activity,I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。,1. I _ (visit) the Gre
9、at Wall two years ago.2. -_ he _ (be) to New York? -No, he _ (not be) there yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work.4. -Wheres Li Ming? - He _ (go) to the teachers office.,visited,Has,been,hasnt been,has,come,has gone,5. So far I _ (make) quite a few friends here.6. _ she _(buy) a present ye
10、sterday?7. -How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here? - For two weeks.8. I _ (work) here since I _(move) here in 2000.,have made,Did,buy,have,stayed,have worked,moved,Lucys father has worked here for n_ ten years.2. L_, the doctor saved the girls life.3. Mary often took c_ of her little sister when her par
11、ents were on business.4. The teacher is _ (指着) at the map on the wall and pointing out Paris on it.5. Eating fruit every day is good for our _ (健康).,II. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。,early,uckily,are,pointing,health,Most people in China _ Project Hope and have given money. 2. The old man has taken _ medicine a
12、nd he is getting better and better.3. How long have you known those _?4. Hes given concerts _ and the tickets have always sold out.5. Dont worry! Im sure you _ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.,a little, get on well with, head master, all over China, hear about,III. 从方框中选择适当的词组，并
13、用其 正确形式完成句子。,have heard about,head masters,all over China,will get on well with,a little,1. How long have you learned English? _ ten years.2. He has studied very hard _ he came to our school.3. Mary has worked at Beijing International School s_ 2004.,IV. 用 since 和 for 完成句子。,For,since,ince,4. You havent come to see me _ two months. 5. You shouldnt keep me waiting for you _ a long time. 6. Project Hope has built many schools all over China _ 1989.,for,for,since,Homework,Review the grammar focus we have learned in this module.,Thank you!,聚星 聚星娱乐 svb112uvz,
