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1、第二部分 语法专题专题十四 复合句,精讲必备考点,考点一 宾语从句,考点二 状语从句,考点三 定语从句,考点一 宾语从句宾语从句在主从复合句中起宾语的作用，既可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词、非谓语动词的宾语。. 宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词,. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。He said he could drive a car when he was 18. 他说他18岁的时候就会开车了。,. 宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态,注意：当宾语从句表示客观真理时，无论主句是哪种时态，从句都用一般现在时。Our teacher told us that the
2、earth travels around the sun. 老师告诉我们，地球绕着太阳转。,. 宾语从句的否定转移当主句的主语是第一人称且谓语动词是think，believe，guess，suppose等时，宾语从句若要表示否定意义，则要通过将从句的否定词转移到主句来实现，即否定主句中的动词。I dont think he will come tomorrow. 我认为他明天不会来。. 宾语从句的简化宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词 + 不定式”或“it + 形容词 + 不定式短语”，甚至名词或名词短语。He didnt know where he could go. = He d
3、idnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。The students found it was difficult to learn English well. = The students found it difficult to learn English well. 学生们发现学好英语很难。,I dont believe what Tom said. = I dont believe Toms words. 我不相信汤姆说的话。. 可以跟宾语从句的形容词某些形容词后面也可以跟宾语从句。这类形容词主要有：sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，a
4、fraid，surprised，satisfied等。Im sure you can learn English well. 我确信你可以学好英语。【典例精析】1. I dont know _. Because he has to look after his mother.A. why he is leavingB. why is he leavingC. whether he is leavingD. whether is he leaving,解析：宾语从句的语序应用陈述句语序，排除B、D；由答语中的because可知，问句中的宾语从句应由why引导。,答案：A。,2. What a n
5、ice paper fish! Can you show us _ you make it? A. whetherB. howC. whyD. what,解析：根据第二句话的句意可知，句中需要表示“方式”的引导词，只有how符合。,3. Could you tell me _? Look! He is playing basketball over there. A. where Scot isB. what is Scot doingC. how Scot did itD. why Scot is doing it,解析：根据答语可知问话人想知道Scot在什么地方。,答案：B。,答案：A。,
6、考点二 状语从句状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，与主句连接。状语从句位于句首时，常用逗号与主句隔开；位于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。从属连词在从句中不担任任何句子成分。状语从句的分类及用法目的状语从句通常由that，so，so that，in order that等引导，且从句中的谓语一般含有情态动词may，might，can，could，will，would等。Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 说清楚点这样他们才能理解你。,时间状语从句when / while / as 当的时候when
7、既可引导延续性动作，又可引导非延续性动作。它可表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，也可表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。while引导持续性动作，并且所表示的时间范围较大，指“在某一段时间里”或“在期间”，它强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，并侧重主句和从句动作的对比。When he comes, Ill tell him about it. 他来了我会告诉他（这件事）。When he came back, his mother was reading a newspaper. 他回来的时候，他妈妈正在看报纸。,As we walked, we t
8、alked happily. 我们边走边愉快地交谈。My father was reading a newspaper while my mother was cooking. 我妈妈做饭的时候，爸爸在看报纸。before 在之前after 在之后通常用来表示动作一前一后发生。Mike had finished his homework before his parents came back. 迈克在他父母回来前就已经把作业写完了。Tom left after turned off the lights. 汤姆关灯以后离开了。since 自从以来从句常用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。Jer
9、ry has made many friends since he came to China. 杰瑞自从来中国以来交了很多朋友。,as soon as 一就其引导的时间状语从句不能用任何将来时，只能用一般现在时表将来。I will call you as soon as I get to Guangzhou. 我一到广州就给你打电话。till / until 直到若主句中的谓语动词是持续性动作，till或until引导的从句通常用肯定谓语，表示“直到为止”；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性动作，则要用not . until，表示“直到才”My mother waited until I came
10、back. 我妈妈一直等到我回来。My mother didnt go to bed until I came back. 我妈妈直到我回来才去睡觉。,地点状语从句where 的地方wherever 无论哪里They went where they could find work. 他们去了他们可以找到工作的地方。Sit wherever you like. 随便坐。（想坐哪儿就坐哪儿）原因状语从句because 因为as / for 由于since 既然because语气最强，用来说明别人不知道的原因；回答why提出的问题。如果原因显而易见或已为人知，就用as，for或since。注意：be
11、cause不能与so连用。He didnt catch the early bus because he got up late. 他起晚了，所以没有赶上早班车。As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at home. 他太匆忙了，把包落在了家里。,Since you cant answer my questions, Ill have to ask someone else. 你回答不了我的问题，我只好去问其他人。He didnt catch the early bus because he got up late. 他起晚了，所以没有赶上早班车。As h
12、e was in a hurry, he left his bag at home. 他太匆忙了，把包落在了家里。Since you cant answer my questions, Ill have to ask someone else. 你回答不了我的问题，我只好去问其他人。比较状语从句than 比as . as 和一样not as / so . as 不如注意：此类从句通常省略与主语相同的成分。Tom is not taller than his mother. 汤姆没有他妈妈高。Tom is (not) as tall as his father. 汤姆（不）像他爸爸一样高。,结果
13、状语从句if 如果，假如unless 如果不，除非条件状语从句与时间状语从句一样，从句中不能用将来时态，要用一般现在时表将来。If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman. 如果明天下雪，我们就堆个雪人。We wont go to the party unless we are free. 如果我们有空的话就去参加晚会。让步状语从句though / although 虽然，尽管 even if / though 即使 whatever / no matter what 无论什么however / no matter how 无乱怎样whoever
14、/ no matter who 无论谁注意：although或though不能与but连用。,Although they are poor, they are happy. 尽管他们很穷，但他们很开心。We wont give up even if we should fail ten times. 我们不会放弃，即使我们失败十次。Whatever you say, I believe you. 不管你说什么，我都相信你。注意：在时间、条件、方式等状语从句中，它们的谓语动词常用一般现在时表一般将来时；一般过去时表过去将来时。If you go to the party, you will ha
15、ve a great time. 如果你去参加这个聚会，你会玩得开心。The teacher saidif it didnt rain tomorrow, we would go for a picnic. 老师说如果明天不下雨的话，我们就去野餐。,【典例精析】1. _ I got back, I found my mother cooking for me. A. WhenB. BeforeC. SinceD. Although,解析：when当的时候，引导时间状语从句；before在之前，引导时间状语从句；since自从，由于，引导时间或原因状语从句；although虽然，引导让步状语从句。根据句意可知，用when引导时间状语从句最符合语境和逻辑“我到家的时候，发现妈妈正在为我做饭。”,答案：A。,2. If our government _ pay attention to the safety of food, our health _ in danger. isnt; isB. doesnt; will beC. wont; isD. isnt; will be,
