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1、代词代词是指代替名词短语的词，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词按其意义，特征以及在句中的作用可分为八类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，疑问代词，相互代词，关系代词和不定代词。人称代词 物主代词主格 宾格 形容词 性名词性反身代词单数 I me my mine myself第一人称复数 we us our ours ourselves单数 you you your yours yourself第二人称复数 you you your yours yourselveshe him his his himselfshe her her hers herself单数it it its i
2、ts itself第三人称复数 they them their theirs themselves一人称代词1 第一人称单数 I 代表说话者，须大写。如：Thats what I want.那就是我想要的。2 当句中同时有几个人称代词出现时，一般是按 you, he, I 排列，如：You and I both enjoy music.3 人称代词做主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格，作表语时用宾格较多。He is a doctor.Do you know him?4 特殊用法的人称代词 ita) 作无人称动词的主语，表示天气，时间，距离，但此时的 it，并不译为“它” 。如：It was rain
3、ing yesterday.What time is it? Its six thirty.b) 作先行词，引导非谓语动词或从句It is good for your health to do morning exercises.c) 用作形式宾语（代替不定式短语，动名词，宾语从句等真正宾语） 。We find it very important to learn English well.d) 某些结构惯用 it 作主语It doesnt matter whether you go or not.It 作先行词的强调结构。英语常用的强调结构是：It is (was)+被强调部分（主语、宾语或
4、状语）+who(that) 。 一般说来，被强调部分指人时用 who. 指物时用 that.It is not I who feels tired.It was a toy plane that he chose at last.注：特指不明身份的人，也用 it 指代。Who is this in Picture Two? Its Sun Wukong.“Who is knocking at the door?” “I think its Li Lei.”二物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，也可称为代词属格。它分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。1.形容词性物主代词通常修饰名词，做定语。
5、His bike is blue.与 own 连用表示强调。I saw it with my own eyes.2. 名词性物主代词可作主语、表语和宾语。This is your eraser. Mine is on the desk.3 名词性物主代词常用于双重属格，与 of 连接且用于祝愿语等句中。 如：She is a friend of mine.注：名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别：This is my bag.This bag is mine.三 反身代词反身代词表示谓语动词的动作返回行为主体本身，或起强调作用；它与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系。在人称，性别，数上应保持一
6、致。反身代词用作宾语，表语和同位语。1 作动词宾语We teach ourselves English.2 用作介词宾语The young man is old enough to take care of himself.3 作表语That poor boy was myself.4 作同位语The young people themselves have learned English.5 用于固定习语dress oneself call oneself help oneself四 指示代词指示代词是用来指示人或事物的代词，包括：this, these, those, such 等。它在句
7、中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。形容词性用法是作定语，而名词性用法是作主语，宾语，表语。1 作主语These are my books and those are his books.2 作宾语We will do that.3 作表语 My idea is that.4 作定语I like those children.5 指示代词的用法 this these 指近的事物，that those 指远的事物This is a map of China. That is a map of America.6 such 的用法a.表示“如此，这样的人或事”在句中作主语或定语Such was what
8、 he wanted to tell me.b. such 常用于结构 such(a/an)(adj.)+名词中。It is such a fine day that wed all like to have a walk outside.五疑问代词who(whom),whose, what, which 称为疑问代词，用来构成特殊疑问句。1who, what 的用法who 多指姓名、关系等，what 多指职业、地位等。-Who is the woman in green? -She is my aunt.-What is the girl? -She is a bookseller.2. w
9、ho, which 的用法who 指人，它所指的对象没有范围限制，可以是一个或几个人。而 which 可以指人或物，它所指的对象有范围限制，只能是一个或一类。Who broke that window? Which of the TV plays do you like best?3.what, which 的用法what 指的事物无范围限制，侧重于种类，which 指的事物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个What sport do you like best?Which sport do you like best?4. whose, whom 的用法whose 是 who 的属格，用于指示所有者，
10、whom 是 who 的宾格，用于指示对象。Whom are they talking about?Whose umbrella is that?六相互代词相互代词是表示相互关系的代词。在现代英语中，each other 和 one another 在用法上没有什么区别。一般认为 each other 多用于非正式文体，而 one another则多用于较正式文体。在句中，相互代词可用作宾语、定语等Dont talk to each other(one another).We must help one another.They know each others favorite(s).七关系
11、代词关系代词有 who, whose, whom. that, which, as 等，可用作引导从句的关联词。缩合连接代词也属于关系代词范畴，这种代词主要有：what, who, that, whatever, whoever, whichever 等，多用以引导名词性从句。What I want is money.Who he likes is not me.八不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。1不定代词的分类普通不定代词包括 some, any, no 及其构成的复合不定代词 something, anyone, nothing, someone 等。个体代词包括
12、all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, half 以及 every构成的复合不定代词。数量代词包括 many, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of, a great deal, a great many2. 不定代词的用法some, someone, somebody, something 一般用于肯定句We can speak some Japanese.There is something wrong with her computer.any,
13、 anyone, anybody, anything 一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中There isnt any food or drinks in the fridge.I didnt know anything about it until he told me.no, no one, nobody, nothing 一般用于句中表示否定意义I have no watch.Nobody can help him.One不定代词 one 指代可数名词，既可指人，亦可指物，它可以代替上文中出现的单数可数名词。代表复数时可以用 ones.Here are two sweaters. The b
14、lue one is his. Mine is the black one.I like small cars better than large ones.None通常只用作名词，在句中作主语、宾语等。意为“没有任何（人或物） ”，既可指人，亦可指物。None 后常跟 of 短语，其后用复数可数名词或不可数名词。None of them knows the answer to the question.Both, allBoth 指两个人、物或群体，all 指三个以上的人、物或群体或泛指一切事物。My parents are both teacher.All of my friends ar
15、e football fans.Every, eachEach 一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个别，every 用于指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重全体。而且 each 所指对象在上下文中已十分明确。另外，each 和 every 均常用于修饰单数可数名词。Every 还可以构成复合代词 everyone, everybody, everything.Each child gets one apple.Every student went to the park.Other, anotherOther 具有名词和形容词性质，既可指人，也可指物。Other 常与定冠词 the 连用。不定冠
16、词 an 与 other 连用则组成 another.Other:只作形容词或代词（不可单独作代词用） ，表示“其他的，别的” 。Have you any other questions?The other:作形容词或代词，特指另一个或另一部分，也指两者中或两部分的另一个或另一部分One of my socks is here, the other is in the bed.Others: others=other+名词，泛指“别的人或物”仅有名词性用法，表示“另一些，别的（人或物） ”。Here are 10 oranges. Five of them are mine, the others are yours.Another:作形容词或代词，泛指三个或三个以上不定数目中的“另一个，类似的一个” 。I dont want this pair of shoes, please show me another.Either, neitherEither 指“两者
