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1、,形容词和副词,一、形容词的种类、作用和位置,形容词用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征。通常将形容词分成性质形容词和表语形容词两类。,1、性质形容词：用以直接说明人或事物的性质、特征的形容词，它们有等级变化，也可以用程度副词来修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和宾语补足语。大部分形容词都是性质形容词。1.The sweater is very beautiful.2.I have a busy day.3.We keep our classroom clean.,2.表语形容词这类形容词只能作表语，通常不能作定语，所以被称为表语形容词。这类形容词大多以a开头，没有比较等级的变化，也不可用程度副词来
2、修饰。如：afraid（害怕的）,alone（单独的）,alive（活着的）,asleep（睡着的）,awake(醒着的）,以及well（健康的）,worth（值得的）,unable（不能的）,ill（病了的）等。,例句：1.The baby is asleep.2.The girl is afraid of snakes.3.He feels well today.,注意：表语形容词不能用very来修饰，如不能说very asleep,very alone,但可以说： fast asleep,quite alone。,形容词的位置：形容词修饰名词，通常是放在名词前面。它们前面常带有冠词、形容
3、词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。如：1.What an interesting idea!2.Beijing is a modern city.3.I have five good friends.但是:在修饰由no,some,any,every 构成的复合不定代词时,形容词应放在被修饰词之后.如:1.Theres something wrong with my bike. 2.Is there anything important in todays newspaper?,形容词的位置,二、副词的种类、作用和位置,副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征、时间、地点、程度、方式等情况。,副词的种类,1
4、时间副词 如：now,usually,often,always,sometimes等2.地点副词 如：here,there,out,everywhere3.方式副词 如：carefully,well,fast,slowly4.程度副词 如：very,much,quite,almost5.疑问副词 如：how,when,why,where6.连接副词 如：whether,why,when,how,副词的作用 一、作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子。1.The train runs fast.(修饰动词）2.She has been badly ill these days.（
5、修饰形容词）3.The shop is right on your left.（修饰介词）4.Luckily,he passed the final exams.（修饰句子）,二、作定语,有少数地点副词、时间副词可以作定语， 放在所修饰的词的后边。1.The students there are from Beijing.那里的学生来自北京。2.I met an old friend on my way home.我在回家的路上遇到一位老朋友。3.China today has developed greatly.今天的中国有了巨大的发展。,三、作表语,作表语的副词多数是表示位置的，如：in,
6、out,on,back,down,up,off,away,等1.You must be away now.你现在必须离开。2.School is over.Lets go home.放学了，我们回家吧。3.The TV is still on,please turn it off.电视还开着呢，请把它关掉。,副词的位置,频度副词,频度副词，如always,often,sometimes,usually,seldom等通常放在行为动词之前,be动词之后。句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。1.He usually has lunch in the factory.2.The boy
7、is often late for school.,时间副词和地点副词,通常置于句尾,如果同时出现,则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面,也可把时间副词放在句首。1.They went swimming in the river yesterday.=Yesterday they went swimming in the river.,方式副词,方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在动词后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。1.My father works hard.2.Tom speaks English very well.3.Mike wrote
8、 carefully some letters to his parents.,程度副词,程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。1.I am really sorry to hear that.2.The weather here is quite different from that in Nanjing .3.The gilrs works very hard.,形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成,规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词1) 一般情况加 er 或 est fast faster fastest high higher highest clever cl
9、everer cleverest2) 以字母 e 结尾加 r 或 st fine finer finest late later latest nice nicer nicest,3) 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音 字母时双写加 er 或 est fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest4) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 er 或 est early earlier earliest easy easier easiest lucky luckier luckiest,规则变化部分双音节和多音节词 在词前
10、加 more 或 most slowly - more slowly - most slowly easily - more easily - most easily carefully - more carefully - most carefully,不规则变化 1. good/well better best 2.many/much more most 3.little less least 4.far farther farthest ( far further furthest )5. bad/badly/ill worse worst,形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法,一、比较级用
11、法,表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词 than 引导，表示“较”或“更一些”的意思1.This cake is more delicious than that one. 2.Li Lei jumped farther than Jim (did).,二、最高级用法,表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级,最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围 *Shanghai is the biggest city in China. *Lucy sings (the) best of all. *He is the most care
12、ful among us.,三、同级比较的用法,在表示 “和一样” 和 “不及” 这概念时，可以用 “as+原级+as” 和 “not as（so）+原级+as”的句型 *Our teacher is as busy as before. *He does not run so (as) fast as I.,几种比较级的使用句型,1.“ 比较级 + and + 比较级 ”表示“ 越来越 ”1.Your English is getting better and better. 你的英语越来越好了。2.These days more and more people are learning E
13、nglish. 现在学英语的人越来越多了,2. “the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 表示“ 越就越 ” *The more, the better. 越多越好。 *The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。,3.“ more (less) than ”表示 “超过（不到）” *She is more than thirty. 她三十多岁了。 *The lightest weighs less than 50 kilograms. 最轻的不到五十公斤。,4.“more or less”表示“差不多，或多或少”*The problem i
14、s more or less solved. 这个问题差不多已经解决了。* -Is it straight? - More or less. 它直吗？ 差不多吧。,6)注意点,1.形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略. He did (the) best in the exam.2.在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词 1)This pen is shorter than that one. 2)The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 3)The boys in ou
15、r school leave school later than those in theirs.,3.用or连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级 *Who is taller, Mary or Jane?*Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?,4) 可用much, still, a little, even, far,three years等表示程度的状语来 修饰比较级 *She is much taller than Mrs.Liu. *He is three years older than I. *This problem is a little more difficult than the other one.,
