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1、英语语法 宾语从句 Object Clause,茅丽琴,学习重点: 1.宾语从句的概念2.宾语从句的引导词3.宾语从句中的语序4.宾语从句的时态变化学习难点: 1. if与whether的区别2. 宾语从句与简单句的互换,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,二、宾语从句三要素,连 接 词,时 态,语 序,（一）连接词,1.that2.whether/if3.连接代
2、词who whom whose what which4. 连接副词when why where how。,一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定 句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作 任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略,She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.,表达陈述观点或意见的动词： say, think, believe, feel, suggest, advise, know, wish, hope, report, st
3、ate, declare, see, find，notice，agree, admit, expect, explain及表知觉、感情的形容词 be sure, be afraid, be glad, be certain.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Im sorry (that) I dont know .Were sure (that) our team will win .Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,2. 当宾语从句是一
4、般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books .,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, whic
5、h, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词 或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具 有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Do you know what he said just now ? I dont remember when we arrived . I asked him where I could get so much money . Please tell me who (whom) we have to see . Do you know what time the plane leaves ?,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句
6、,Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?,Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?,I dont know how far it is to the cinema .,Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?,Can you tell us how old his brother is ?,Please tell us how soon you will be ready .,Cou
7、ld you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?,二、时态1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，
8、过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth .,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1. When will he
9、go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library .His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy .,3. Who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me who we are going to meet ? Can y
10、ou tell me who are we going to meet ?,4. Does he know French ? We want to know if/whether he knows French . We want to know if/whether does he know French.,5. Will they go to Canada in summer ? They re not sure if /whether they will go to Canada in summer . They re not sure if /whether will they go
11、to Canada in summer .,1. Did the students have a picnic last Sunday ? Do you know ? 2. Mr. Smith have been in China for about three years . Jim told Lin Tao .,Do you know if/whether the students had a picnic last Sunday ?,Jim told Lin Tao (that) Mr Smith had been in China for about three years .,3.
12、Which book should I read first ? Please tell me .4. Light travels faster than sound . Our teacher told us in yesterdays class .,Please tell me which book I should read first .,Our teacher told us (that) light travels faster than sound in yesterdays class .,1could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用
13、不同时态。,注意事项,Could you please tell me where we show our tickets ?Could you tell us which gate we have to go to ?Would you like to know when he will come back ?,2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that,She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .He said (that) he was going to take
14、care of the child .He asks if I like playing the piano .You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station .,3. 只能用whether而不用if的情况,whether + or not介词 + whetherwhether + to dodiscuss/ wonder/ doubt/ have no idea/ dont know + whether 主语、表语、同位语从句中,1.The young man asked _ its summer or wi
15、nter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. t
16、hat,D,A,B,C,5. I wonder _ he is crying now . A. that B. why C. how D. when 6. Have you found out _ we can do on Hainan Island ? A. what B. how C. if D. whether 7. Lily said _ she had finished her composition . A. if B. that C. when D. where 8. I dont know _ he still lives here . A. where B. what C. when D. whether,
