《动词的时态和语态（学案）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《动词的时态和语态（学案）（5页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2012 级语法专题 第 1 页共 5 页动词的时态和语态（学案）动词的时态 英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。英语共有 16 种时态，现以 break 为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时一般 break / breaks broke shall/will break should/would break进行 am/is/are breaking was/were breaking shall/will be breaking should/would be breaking完成 have/has
2、 broken had broken shall/will have broken should/would have broken完成进行 have / has been breakinghad been breaking shall/will have been breakingshould/would have been breaking根据近几年高考试卷分析，时态测试重点主要有：一般时态一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时；进行时态现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时；完成时态现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时。一、一般时态1. 一般现在时(1) 一般现在时 没有时限、持久存在
3、的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词 usually, often, always, sometimes, regularly, near, occasionally, every year, every week, twice a week, seldom,等连用。The moon moves round the earth.The father as well as his three children goes skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.This machine doesnt w
4、ork. It hasnt worked for years.(2)在 after, until, before, once, when, even if, in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment 以及 if, unless 等引导的时间状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来。The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球赛将推迟Send my regards to your lovely wife when you write home.(3) 某些表示起始的动词，课用一般现在时
5、表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，如 go, come, be, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave 等。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at three sharp.The party starts at 7:00 tomorrow evening.(4) 在由 why, what, where, whoever, who, that, as 等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。Free tickets will be given to whoever comes fi
6、rst.Youll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.2. 一般过去时(1) 一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。He got up, had breakfast and went to work.-How can you use my computer without permission? -Oh, I forgot to tell you. I hope you dont mind.需要注意的是有些情况发生的时间不太清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应该用过去时。如：I was very g
7、lad to hear from you. -Youve promised to go, then why arent you getting ready? -I didnt realize you wanted to go at once.I lived in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.(2) 表示过去习惯性动作。He always went to work on foot last year.I used to do my homework i
8、n the library.3.一般将来时表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 其表达方式有下列几种 , 它们的过去式即可表示相应的过去将来时：(1)“will/shall + do” Have you heard Jim was ill? Oh, sorry to hear that. Ill see him tonight.(2) “be going to + do”Im going to visit her this weekend.There are lots of dark clouds. It is going to rain.比较 will/would 强调句子主语的意
9、志，意为 “情愿、愿意、决心” 或者临时的打算等, 而 be going to 侧重 “打算、准备、计划” 等。下列对话中只能用 will ：-Sorry, Ive forgotten to post the letter for you. -Never mind. I will post it myself.(3) “be to do” 表示按计划和安排将要做某事，还可表命令、强制性等。We are to meet at 8 oclock at the gate.You are to tell the truth to the police.(4) “be about to do” 表示 “
10、即将，马上就要做某事” (= be on the point of doing)The bell is about to ring.Our games are just about to begin.注意：be about to / be on the point of doing 不能与具体的时间状语连用，但常用于 be about to do / be on the point of doingwhen, 如：I was about to cook when someone knocked at the door.They were on the point of setting out
11、when it began to rain.(5) be due to +do 表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。The train is due to depart in ten minutes.(6) 少数动词的现在进行时也可表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情，如 come, go, leave, start, begin, arrive, meet 等，这时句中往往有表示将来的时间状语。如：Where are you going this afternoon? The President is arriving next Saturday.4. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作
12、或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。如：I was sure that they wouldnt do that. She told me that I should succeed. 和一般将来时一样，过去将来时也有相应的 was/were going to do, was/were to do, was/were about to do 等形式。二、进行时态1. 现在进行时 由“am / is / are + doing” 构成，表示此刻正在进行或现阶段经常发生的动作。常用的时间状语有：now, right now, at the moment, for the time, for the p
13、resent, always, constantly, continually 等。Look! The children are flying kites over there.2012 级语法专题 第 2 页共 5 页The size of generation gap is spreading with the rapid changes in technology, education and communication.某些过渡性动词，即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词，常用进行时表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情，如 go, come, leave, start
14、, arrive, return 等。Eg. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane is taking off.注意：有些动词不能用进行时，如：表感觉的：see, hear, smell, taste, sound, feel, notice, look, appear表感情的：hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive, mind表存在的：be, exist, remain, obtain, appear, seem表从属的：ha
15、ve, possess, own, contain, belong to, consist of表思考或理解等的：understand, know, believe, think, doubt, mean 表示行为结果的：forget, remember, agree, allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete但如果它们的词义改变，便可以用进行时态。Tom looks pale. whats wrong with him?Tom is looking for his books.2. 过去进行时 由 “was/were + doing” 构成，表示在过去某时间或某一个过去动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复、习惯的行为。We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.-Fined $20! you know you were driving 100 km an hour, dont you? -No, officers. I cant have been. Thi
