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1、Unit 10 知识点解析一学习目标（Language Goal）1Learn to narrate past events学会描述过去所发生的事情。2Learn to express something with Past Perfect Tense. 学习使用过去完成时态。3Strengthen the consciousness of doing things regularly做事加强连续性，有条不紊。二语言结构（Language Structures）1Past perfect Tense 过去完成时2“By the time”和“when”引导的时间状语从句三目标语言（Target
2、 language）1By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom2By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone3By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching4When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home5Have you ever oversle
3、pt? 6Have you ever been late for school? 四重点词组（Key phrases ）1by the time 到时候为止2get outside 到外边3get to school 到学校4get up 起床5get into the shower 去洗澡6get home 到家7start doing / to do sth 开始做某事8be late for 迟到9go off （闹钟）闹响10wake up 醒来11come out 出来，出现12run off 迅速离开，跑掉13on time 准时14in time 及时15come by （走）过
4、来16give sb a ride 让某人搭车17break down 损坏，坏掉18show up 出席，露面19stay up 熬夜20a costume party 一个化装舞会21sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上22so that 如此以至于23set off 出发，开始24April Fools Day 愚人节25get married 结婚26marry sb 与某人结婚27both and 二者都28get dressed 穿好衣服29on the first day 在第一天五语法重点（Grammar Focus）1Past perfect Tense 过去
5、完成时构成：had过去分词（had 没有人称和数的变化）过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去” 。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前，那么，使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。egI had finished my homework before supper我在晚饭前把作业做完了。句中的 supper 既是过去某一时间，而 had finished 这一动作就是在 supper 之前完成的。如果只说 I had finished my homework听者会觉得难以理解。由此可见，过去完成时是个相对的时态，它不能离开过
6、去的时间而独立存在。egBy the end of that year Henry had collected more than one thousand foreign stamps到那年年底，亨利已经收集了一千多张外国邮票。（过去时间是 the end of that year）egWhen we got there, the football match had already started当我们到那里时，足球比赛已经开始了。（过去时间是 when 从句）动词过去分词的构成与一般过去式的构成相似，一般情况下在动词词尾加ed，特殊动词须特殊记忆，如：havehadhad，get got
7、gotten，beginbegan begun，leaveleftleft，go wentgone 等。例如：She had learnt 2000 English words by the end of last month到上个月末，她已经学了 2000 个英语单词了。I hadnt learnt Japanese before I went to Japan我去日本之前没学过日语。注意：过去完成时的否定句和疑问句直接通过 had 的变化即可。2when 和 by the time 引导的时间状语从句by the time 到 时候为止，指从过去某一点到，从句所示的时间为止，这一时间段。w
8、hen 当时候，指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时，主句为过去完成时。egBy the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom到她起床的时候，她的弟弟已经去洗澡间了。By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone到她走到外面的时候，公共汽车已经走了。When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home 当她到学校的时候，她意识到她把书包放在家里了。（在这句话
9、中，过去的时间点为“到校”的时候，“ 她把书包放在家里 ”则发生在“ 过去的过去”。）3How to narrate past events如何描述过去的事件描述过去的事件，首要注意一点是时态。由于事情发生在过去，因此一定要用过去的某种时态。但如果是直接引语（如在双引号“”之内），则根据当时的情况来决定。表示过去的时态有：（1）一般过去时：结构：动词的过去式（2）过去进行时：结构：was / were 现在分词（3）过去完成时：结构：had过去分词（4）过去将来时：结构：would动词原形请看例文 1：It was SundayI went to a pool to fishI thought
10、 there must be some fish for me to catch I held my fishing pole, waiting patientlySuddenly a big fish was caughtI was glad and put it into my little basketBefore long my sister came. Without a word she put back the fish into the waterI was astonished I really thought she became madShe ordered me to
11、put down the fishing pole and led me to a place not far awayThere stood a sign, reading “No fishing”I realized that I was making a mistake.（注意观察文中时态的应用）例 2：请大声朗读 Section A 3a，并找出其中用到的时态。六疑难解析（Key Points）1get to 意为“到达”。例如：When did you get there last night? 你昨晚什么时候到那儿的？I get home at 7:00 every day我每天
12、7:00 到家。When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。辨析：get, arrive 与 reach这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”，但是用法不同。（1）get 和 arrive 都是不及物动词，其后只能跟表示地点的副词，若是跟名词则须再加介词，即 get to 地点名词， arrive in / at 地点名词（in 之后跟表示大地方的词，at之后跟表示小地方的词）。若是只说“到达”，而不指出到达哪里，则只能用 arrive。例如：How did you get / arrive there? 你怎么
13、到那儿的？I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday我前天到的北京。When do you often get to / arrive at school? 你经常什么时候到校？When will you arrive? 你什么时候到？（2）reach 为及物动词，其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如：I reached Beijing the day before yesterday我前天到的北京。We reached here on foot我们步行到这儿的。2关于 get 的词组小结在本单元出现大量关于 get 的词组，要注意背
14、诵：get to school 到学校get into the shower 去洗澡get outside 到外边get home 到家get up 起床get married 结婚get dressed 穿好衣服get to class 到班级get bored 变得无聊get tired 变得疲劳3Ive never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close我上学从未迟到过，但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。（1）Ive 是 I have 的缩写，have been late 是现在完成时态，现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去，
15、持续到现在，并可能继续下去，而且对现在产生了一定的影响，其构成是 have / has动词过去分词。例如：I have been here since 1999自 1999 年以来我就在这儿。We have lived in Jinan for 20 years我们已经在济南住了 20 年了。She hasnt worked for 2 years她已 2 年不工作了。（2）be late for 意为“迟到”，for 为介词，所以其后须跟名词。例如：Dont be late for the meeting开会别迟到了。Jim was late for school again吉姆上学又迟到了
16、。Tom has been late for classes twice. 汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。（3）close 在此为副词 “接近地，靠近地 ”。此外 came very close 意为“ 到时与迟到很接近”。4My alarm clock didnt go off, 闹钟没有大响go off 意为“爆发，大响”。例如：Although the alarm clock went off, he didnt wake up虽然闹钟大响，但是他还是没有醒来。与 go 有关的词组还有：（1）go in for“参加”（竞赛、考试）；（作为嗜好、工作） “爱好”。例如：She goes in
