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1、概述比较级 comparative degree 在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词：在形容词或副词前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型” 。其中，像“A 比 B 更”的表达方式称为比较级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级的形态。比较级的构成规则1一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow 结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；（1）单音节词如：smallsmallersmallest shor
2、tshortershortest talltallertallestgreatgreatergreatest（2）双音节词如：clever cleverer cleverest narrownarrowernarrowest 2以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词，比较级在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加 -est；如：bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfatte
3、st4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词， 把 y 改为 i，比较级加-er ，最高级加-est ；如：easy easiereasiestheavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappier happiest5其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加 more，最高级在前面加 most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferent more differentmost different easily more easilymost easily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，
4、副词最高级前可不用。例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. （2） 形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如：good（well）better bestbad（ill）worse worst oldolder/elder oldest/eldest many/muchmore most littlelessleast
5、 far further/farther furthest/farthest比较级的用法1 “A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A 比 B 更” 。如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意： 在含有连词 than 的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。 在比较级前面使用 much，表示程度“强得多” 。如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite 一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。 2 “比较级 + and + 比较
6、级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3在含有 or 的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如：Who is taller,Tim
7、 or Tom? 谁更高，Tim 还是 Tom?4. “the +比较级, the+比较级” ，表示“越越” 。The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner，the better. 越快越好。5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：. A + be +倍数+ times + the + 形容词对应名词形式 + of + B. 如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高). A + be +倍数+
8、times +as +原级+ as+ B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍). A + be + times + 比较级+ than + B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class 等等。如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高
9、的。7.否定词语 +比较级，否定词语+ so as结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.8. 比较级与最高级的转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class7.修饰比较级和最高级的词1）可修饰比较级的词.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, b
10、y far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等。 . 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 . 以上词(除 by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost。 This hat is nearly
11、 / almost the biggest. 注意： a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与 much 不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. 8.要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother. 9.要避免将主语含
12、在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia. 10.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 11.要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Au
13、stralia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.10.连用词much ,a little ,a bit,even使用比较级应注意的问题1 比较对象是否明确比较必须在同类事物之间进行，用 that 代替天气和人口。如：My pen is better than yours.The weather of Harbin is colder than that of Beijing.2比较
14、的范围比较级中的被比对象与比较对象必须属于互不分离的两个范围。比较的对象如在同一范围内。必须加 other 一词，将比较的个体排除在外。范围内加 any other 范围外加 any.He is taller than any other boy in his class.Canada is larger than any country in Asia.3 比较级前的修饰语常用来修饰比较级的词有：much ,a little , a bit ,a lot ,even ,still ,a great deal of, far ,by far ,any ,rather及表示倍数的词。修饰可数名词
15、用：many more 或 few.修饰不可数名词用：much more .There are many more books in your library than in ours.His handwriting is much better than mine.4比较状语从句中的省略than 后是一个完整的句子，有时为了避免重复，把谓语部分省略。但如果前后时态不同，则不能省略。The book is more interesting than that one (is interesting).She is much taller than she was last year.I thi
16、nk he will be more careful with his study than he is now.5 比较级与冠词 the 的使用表示“两者中比较的一个” ，要用( the + 比较级 + of the two)的句式.He is the stronger one of the two boys.English is the easier language of the two.6表示倍数的三个结构1 ）be + 倍数 + as as 2 ）be + 倍数 + 比较级 +than 3 ）be + 倍数 + the +名词（尺寸，长度）+ofThe house is three times as big as that o
