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1、高考完型填空题的解题技巧探究一、完形填空题解题的困难在所有的高考题型中，完型填空历来是学生失分较大的题型。究其原因首先是答题步骤上的失误。在完型填空的专项练习中多数学生担心时间紧, 草草处理通读文章的环节，甚至在未弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下，匆忙答题。其次是答题技巧积累的欠缺。学生在做完型填空练习中，成绩起伏大，连续错误多，常常忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系。另外，遇到长难句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时随意做出选择，企图靠运气答题。再加上部分学生心理素质不过关。面对一篇短文多个挖空及几十个选项，易于产生恐惧或急躁的心理，缺乏自信心和良好的心理素质，答题的正确率自然下降。二、完形
2、填空题突破的途径（一）阅读部分的目标：1 能理解文章的基本内容。2 能根据上下文正确理解词语和句子。3 能归纳文章的主旨大意。4 能推测文章中的隐含意思。5 能运用阅读技能完成不同文体的阅读任务。上海卷考试手册英语学科的要求， 如果把以上阅读部分所要求的目标用于完形填空题，通常可以归纳为两个层面的考点，即：语境理解词汇辨析。 （二）完形填空题解题的技巧高中英语教学提倡的是自主性教学方式，让学生在学习过程中充分发挥主动性、独立性和创造性，逐步形成主动学习、自我监控。自我评价和自我反思的学习风格。在高中阅读教学中，可以让学生根据文本的话题和题材，选择合适的阅读模式获取信息。 原则： “逻辑为纲，词
3、汇为主，常识为辅”。几个解题技巧的类型: 1原词重现型（reoccurrence）例 (1) This is what happens on long submarine voyages. It will also happen on _47_ space flights in the future. (2007 年节选 )long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct选项：A例(2) Fiction writers often imagine they are the _63_ in their books. They ask questions: What does
4、 this character want? Why cant she get it? (2009 年节选) A. features B. themesC. creatures D. characters选项：D例(3) Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened
5、 in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had _52_ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup. (2010 年节选)A. Undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced 选项：ASum up：在使用“原词重现型”的技巧时，应有意识地在前后文中寻找重复的信息点，特别注意提及到的同一事物，如例(1) 中
6、漫长的 水下航行和漫长的太空之旅；同一活动，如例(2) 中小说中的 人物；同一情景，如例(3) 中音乐剧作品 歌剧魅影所经历的修改。涉及到“原词重现”设空的选项一般为单词，该重复的单词常常出现在句与句间，当然不排除隐藏在段落与段落间。学生只要在阅读中始终处于积极、主动的状态，找到表层理解的重复信息点就不会有太大的困难。2. 近义复现型（similarity）例(1) Through much of the past century, ads spoke to an audience restricted to just a few radio or television channels or
7、 a _58_ number of publications. (2006 年节选) limited B. minimum C. sufficient D. great 选项：A例(2) When you revise, you change aspects of your work in response to your evolving purpose, or to include _55_ ideas or newly discovered information. (2010 年节选) A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh选项: D例(3
8、) (Para 2, 首句) Adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression in childrens sports.(Para 3, 首句)As a society, we really need to face up to this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches _61_ should act as better examples for children. (2008 年节选) A. in pa
9、rticular B. in all C. in return D. in advance选项：ASum up:和“原词重现型 ”一样， “近义复现型 ”技巧的灵活运用，同属于阅读的表层理解，即对文章的基本信息的掌握，一般通过略读、找读来理解文章大意，分清文章中的基本事实和辨别作者的观点。学生只需认真阅读空格前后的相关信息，从近义词中寻找线索。如例(1)中意为“限定”的动词；例(2)中的意为“新鲜的”的形容词；例(3) 中意为“尤其是”的副词。不难发现，在前后类似的语境中往往存在着意思相近和词性相同的单词或短语，学生只要注意到这些提示信息，势必容易做出正确的判断。3. 过渡衔接型 (trans
10、ition word): 例(1)_57_ manufacturing efficiently increased the variety of goods and lowered prices, people still relied on advertisements to get most information about products. (2006 年节选) A. Just as B. The momentC. But for D. Although选项：D 让步关系例(2) _55_ the faults already found out in the education s
11、ystem as a whole such as child-centered learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils there have been several serious errors which have a direct effect on language teaching. (2007 年节选) A. Due to B. In addition toC. Instead of D. In spite of选项：B并列关系例(3)Think about y
12、our goal and the new possibilities. If your goal is to learn to ski, _60_, you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). (2009 年节选)in factB. in particularC. as a wholeD. for example选项：D列举关系例(4)What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-
13、town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering,- _51_, revising. (2010年节选)in particularas a result for examplein other words选项 D 举例关系Sum up:在语篇中，过渡性词汇常常用来连接前后文，增加文章的逻辑性和连贯性。句际之间的关系除了让步（例 1） 、并列（例 2） 、列举（例 3） 、补充（例 4）之外，还有原因、结果、对照、目的、条件、递进等关系。
14、学会运用“过渡衔接型 ”的技巧属于深层理解的掌握。一般通过精读、细读来了解句意所表达的重点。只要学生具有扎实的语法知识，会用已知的信息来认真分析句子内部或两句话之间对应成分的逻辑关系，理清文章的脉络，做题自然会的得心应手。4. 上下求索型（reasoning） :例(1) Taking advantage of shoppers_63_will no longer be possible: people will know - and soon tell others, even those without the internet - that prices in the next town
15、 are cheaper or that certain goods are inferior. (2006 年节选)A. generosity B. knowledge C. curiosity D. ignorance选项：D例(2) Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression in childrens sports. They believe children _54_ aggressive adult behavior
16、. (2008 年节选) question B. understand C. copy D. neglect选项：C例(3) Most people believe they dont have much imagination. They are _50_. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to make use of it. (2009 节选年)wrong B. unbelievable C. reasonable D. realistic选项：A例(4) However, don
