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1、浅谈 since 作连词引导时间状语从名的用法 泰州职教中心 沈明俊 (一)since 作连词,指 “时间 ”,表示“自.以来”。Since 引导时间状语从句, 表示主句的动作,从过去的某一点时间持续到现在,从名时态常用一般过去时,主句的时态一般用现在完成时。如: He has not written to me since he graduated from high school.自从他中学毕业以来,一直没有写信给我。We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago .自从两年前来到学校以来,我们已彼此熟悉
2、。 但是,由于在 since 引导的时间状语从名中,谓语动词有终止性(界限性)与延续性的区别,则所表达的意思就完全不相同。例如:1. Mr. Write has lived there since he came to this city.2. Li Mei has done a lot of good deeds since she joined the Young Pioneer.3. He has never seen me since I was ill .4. Miss Mary has been in Shanghai since she lived in Beijing. 在 1
3、,2 两句中,since 多句中谓语动词是终止性的,表示动作亦已完成,则句子所表达的意思与动词词意是一致的。这两句应译成: 1、自从怀特先生来到这个城市以来,他就一直住在那儿。2、李梅加入少先队以来,做了许多好事。 而 3、4 两句中,since 从句中的谓语动词是延续性的,是表示过去的动作或状态的结束,since 从句所表示时间的起点,通常是从动作完成或状态结束之时算起。这时,从句所表示的意思,与动词词意恰恰相反,具有否定意义。这两句应译成: 3、自我病愈到现在,他从未来看过我。4、玛丽小姐自离开北京,她就一直在上海。 注意:当 since 从句中的谓语时态用现在完成时,这时 since 从
4、句所指某种状态,又是从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在,试比较下面两名: a) He has never been to visit me since I was ill .我病愈到现在,他从未来看过我。b) He has never been to visit me since I have been ill .我患病到现在,他从未来看过我。a) 句中意指 “我病好了” ,在我患病期间,他来看过我。恢复健康后,他就不来看我了。b)句意指“我现在仍有病”。 (二)句型“It is .since.,表示从过去某一点时间,持续到现在的整段时间。如: It is two years since he l
5、eft the country .他离开这个国家有两年时间了。在该句型中,since 从句同样存在谓语动词的终止性与延续性的区别。 It is three Months since the Whites were in London .怀特夫妇离开伦敦已有 3 个月了。试比较: It is five years since the boy was a Young Pioneer .这个男孩不当少先队员已经五年了。It is five years since the boy became a Young Pioneer .这个男孩当少先队员已经五年了。“It is .since .,可以转换使用“.ago.” ,“for .”的句子。例如:I havent been in the countryside for a year.也可转换成:A year has passed since I left the countryside