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1、2012 年中考英语考点 18 形容词的比较级和最高级形容词的比较级和最高级 3) 有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。原级 比较级 最高级good/well 好的 better bestbad/ill 坏的 worse worstmany/much 多的 more mostlittle 少的 less leastfar 远的 further furthestfarther fart hestold 老的 older oldestelder eldest2. 形容词比较级的用法1)形容词的比较级可以单独使用:Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。It was
2、 quieter outside. 外面安静点了。It couldnt be easier. 不能再容易了。This car is more expensive. 这辆车比较贵。Who is taller? 谁高一点?Which book is better? 哪本书更好?1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成1)单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成2) 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加 more 或 most。如:原级 比较级 最高级 useful more useful most usefuldifficult more difficult most difficultdelicious
3、 more delicious most delicious2)也可以和 than 连用,表示两者相比,than 后可以跟:a. 名词或代词(若为人称代词,在口语中多用宾格):He is older than me. 他年龄比我大。Tokyo is bigger than New York. 东京比纽约大。b. 动名词:Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。This is more interesting than sitting in an office. 这比坐办公 室更有意思。c. 从句:I was a better singer
4、than he was. 我唱歌比他好。He is stronger than I expected. 他比我预料的更健壮。d. 状语:She felt worse than usual. 她感到比平时更难受。He is busier than ever. 他比过去更忙了。e. 跟 其它成分(如动词、形容词等):Its better to be prepared than unprepared. 有准备比没准备好。She was more surprised than angry. 她吃惊甚于生气。He was more lucky than clever. 他是运气好,而不是聪明。3 形容词
5、比较级的修饰语1)形容词比较级前可加 much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly 之类表示程度的状语:Hes feeling a lot better today. 他感到今天好多了。Shes a little bit better now. 她现在稍稍好点了。Its slightly warmer today. 今天稍微暖和一点。2)也可在比较级前 any, no, some, even, still 这类词:Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗?She was no older than Zilla. 他并不比齐
6、拉大。This book is even more useful than that. 这本书甚至比那本书更有用。3)比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:Shall I get a couple more chairs? 我要不要再搬两把椅子来?My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。Youre a head taller than Jane. 你比简高一个头。4. 形容词比较级的特殊用法和 more 有关的词组1) the morethe more越就越。例如:The harder you work,the greater progres
7、s youll make. 越努力,进步越大。2) more B than A=less A than B 与其说 A 不如说 B。例如:He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时,与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。3) no more than 与 一样,不比多。例如:The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。no less than与 一样。例如:He is no less diligent
8、 than you. 他和你一样勤勉。4) more than不只是,非常。例如: She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。和 less 有关的词组5) less than 不到 不太:In less than a week, the MS was ready. 不到一周稿子就准备好了。6)no less than 多达 不少于He won no less than $5oo. 他赢了不少于 500 美圆。No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了 2 百万人。7) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约
9、The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。The answers were more or less right. 这些回答大体上是正确的。另外, 还有 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as8) 在否定句或疑问句中可用 so as。例如:He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。9) 当 as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式:as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如:This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一
10、个一样好。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸,我也能。10)表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在 as 的前面。例如:This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。11)倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of 。例如:This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。 This bridge
11、is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large a s mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。Your room is twice the size of mine.5. 形容词最高级用法the + 最高级 + 比较范围1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,例如:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。形容词 most 前面没有 the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示非常。例如:It is a most important pro
12、blem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如:This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。注意:a. very 可修饰最高级,但位置与 much 不同。This i
13、s the very best.This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如:Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。) 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如:Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。 Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4 ) 否定词语+比较级, 否定词语+ so as结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如:Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.