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1、109 年职称英语理工类阅读理解模拟试题Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on n
2、ew technologies that enable a w indow to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “Its contact with
3、 the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors.Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the w
4、inter, cold air leaks in. When its hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of el
5、ectricity in buildings around the world.转自学易网 转自学易网 Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further.
6、 They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is a
7、pplied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until its completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.转自学易网 One important feature that makes a smart windo
8、w so smart is that it has a sort of “memory.” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean
9、that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,” Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.转自学易网 词汇：flip n. & v. 用手指轻弹，轻击 tungsten oxide 氧化钨air conditioner 空调（器） jolt n. & v. 震摇，颠簸，晃动refreshing adj. 使人清爽的 electrochromic adj. 电致变色的2glaze v. 装玻璃，上釉 voltage n. 电压chromo
10、genic adj. 发色的 air conditioning 空调，空调系统转自学易网 注释：1. cutting edge ： 本意为：(刀片的)刃口, 刀刃；比喻意为：最先进的，科技含量最高的。 2. anywhere in between with a flip of a switch：就在开或关的一霎那。3. Uppsala University in Sweden：瑞典的乌普萨拉大学。乌普萨拉是瑞典东部一座城市，位于斯德哥尔摩的西北方向。转自学易网 练习：1.Which of the following statements does not indicate the import
11、ance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?A) Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.B) Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C) Windows help to save energy by providing heat.D) Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.转自学易网 2. When are windo
12、ws the weak link in a building?A) In the cold winter.B) In the hot summer.C) When air conditioners are turned on.D) Both A and B.3. What are smart windows, according to Paragraph 4?转自学易网 A) Windows that are coated.B) Windows that are glazed.C) Windows the color of which can be changed.D) Windows tha
13、t have many layers.4. To make electrochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass?A) Electricity.B) Tungsten oxide.C) A battery.D) A voltage.5. What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful, according to the last paragraph?转自学易网 A) The buil
14、dings will look different.B) Windows can be as large as you want.3C) We may not need air conditioners any more.D) They are less expensive than traditional windows.1A 三个被选项均提到了节约能量， 因此首先关注前两个段落中涉及到节约能量的句子，利用被选项中的细节信息结构（A：from clear to dark, B: light; C: heat; D: the outside world） 共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相
15、关句： 第一段中的答案相关句说：窗户因为让阳光进入房间，并且为房间提供热源，所以节约了能源。第二段中的答案相关句说：窗户使人们能接触外部世界。所以 B、C 和 D都说明了窗户的重要性。所以 A是错误的说法。 2D 细节题。利用被选项中的细节信息词（A：cold winter; B: hot summer; C: air conditioners）作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：顺着上一题的答案位置往下查找答案相关句：3C 细节题。 利用被选项中的核心词及细节信息词（A: coat; B: glaze; C: change; D: many layers）共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答
16、案相关句：转自学易网 第四段告诉我们，多年来，科学家已研究出多种通过窗户节能的办法，而 smart windows使用的技术使窗户能变换颜色。所以 C是正确选择。4B 细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息结构（electrochromic windows， window glass）及被选项中的细节信息结构（黑体结构）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：第五段第二句提供了答案。a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide中的 coated 是“涂上一层薄薄的”的意思。5C被选项中出现了大量的
