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1、英语科技论文写作与发表Research Paper Writingand Publishing,科技论文的概念,a written and published report describing original research results“From ：Day, R.A.: How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper. Second edn. ISI Press,Philadelphia (1983)Scientific papers have to meet two requirements ：how the paper is written
2、the way it is published.,科技论文的重要性,Why to write papers?Publishing papers is very critical for researchersIt is a process of getting ideas, performing them, presenting them, testing them, and making them accepted by other researchersIt is one representation of research productions.,科技论文撰写格式,The genera
3、l structure of a paper comprises following sections(in their typical sequence): title, authors, affiliate(附属机构，即作者所在单位), abstraction, keywords, introduction, body, conclusion, acknowledgments(致谢), appendix（如果有的话）, references.,科技论文撰写格式,1、Title “as the fewest possible words that adequately describe th
4、e contents of the paper“effective titles should:identify the main issue of the paperbegin with the subject of the paperare accurate, unambiguous, specific, and completedo not contain abbreviations(缩写）attract readers,科技论文撰写格式,example： An efficient arithmetic codes suiting for hardware design(一种硬件实现的高
5、效算术编码)Network Programming Based on Web(基于Web的网络编程)。,科技论文撰写格式,Attention: avoid to use words like: studies on, investigations on, observations on problem is not proper for title Articles in title(题名中的冠词)。 在早年，科技论文题名中的冠词用得较多，近些年有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。eg：The Application of Microprocessors on Processing of
6、 Chemical Heat-treatment其中的冠词the可不用。标题长度一般不超过12个单词,科技论文撰写格式,upper case and lower case in title a. THE APPLICATION OF THE MODELS OF NONLINEAR REGRESSION.b. The Contourlet Transform for Image Compression.(每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写。)c. Image coding using wavelet transformthe form b. is often us
7、ed, but the form c. appear more and more 。,科技论文撰写格式,3、Affiliate 单位应是作者在进行研究工作时所在的单位，一般写在作者姓名下方。寄给国外杂志应写明所在单位的部门，如大学的系、研究所的室、医院的科等。在国内杂志上发表文章，不写单位地址；在国外杂志发表文章，一般应在单位下面写详细地址。 若作者不止一人，而又来自不同单位，则单位可分别写在合作者下方。 也可以在作者姓名右上方注上a, b, c或星号*, *，然后在脚注中分别列出这些记号并写上单位和地址。,科技论文撰写格式,4. Abstract“an abstract comprises
8、a one paragraph summary of the whole paper. “Abstracts have become increasingly important, as electronic publication databases are the primary means of finding research reports in a certain subject area today .,科技论文撰写格式,A checklist listing relevant parts of an abstract:1. Motivation: Why do we care
9、about the problem and the results?2. Problem statement: What problem is the paper trying to solve and what is the scope of the work?3. Approach: What was done to solve the problem?4. Results: What is the answer to the problem?5. Conclusions: What implications does the answer imply?,科技论文撰写格式,there ar
10、e some things that should not be included in an abstract:Information and conclusions not stated in the paperreferences to other literature the exact title phraseillustrative elements such as tables and figures,科技论文撰写格式,说明: 有相当数量的作者和审稿人认为, 科技论文的撰写应使用第三人称、过去时和被动语态。但调查表明, 科技论文中被动语态的使用在1920-1970 年曾比较流行,
11、 但由于主动语态的表达更为准确, 且更易阅读, 因而目前大多数期刊都提倡使用主动态。国际知名科技期刊“Nature”, “Cell”等尤其如此, 其中第一人称和主动语态的使用十分普遍。 为了解专业期刊对写作风格的规定, 有人随机抽查了500 份医学和生物学英文期刊的“读者须知”。统计表明, 82%的期刊没有文风方面的规定。 可见, 为简洁、清楚地表达研究成果, 在论文摘要的撰写中不应刻意回避第一人称和主动语态。,科技论文撰写格式,Common used sentences in abstract writing:This paper introduce(s) propose(s) presen
12、t(s) describe(s) discuss(s) deal(s) with focus(es) on show(s) 2.In this paper, is(are) introduced.,科技论文撰写格式,3. This paper(article) is concerned with(aimed at、intended to) the study(determination of)4. It is the aim(intend、purpose) of this paper to discuss(present、describe)5. The chief aim(main purpo
13、se、primary object)of this paper is tohas(have) concluded(gained、obtained、yielded、arrived at、generated、acquired)This result(fact、demonstration、illustration、classification、comparison、analyses) gives (shows),科技论文撰写格式,8.The approach is based on9.Conditions are considered for10.The required foris needed1
14、1.The formulas is derived for according to12.Test has been carried out to study13.The simulation is performed using14.The result of this study can be generalized for15.Result forare found to be close to the experimental data.,科技论文撰写格式,实例1：一种适合硬件实现的高效算术编码摘要：本文提出了利用查找来实现二值算术编码，避免乘除法运算，可以简化硬件设计，该算法具有较小
15、的概率逼近误差，因此性能退化较小。Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new implementation of multiplication-free binary arithmetic coding by use of table lookup which reduce the complexity of hardware design. The scheme can be shown to have better Approximation of the used probability model and to have Minor perfor
16、mance degradation.,科技论文撰写格式,实例2： 快速概率分析进化算法及其性能研究摘要：概率分析进化算法是最近几年发展起来的一类新的构造性进化算法。本文介绍了其产生背景和基本原理，分析了复杂概率模型导致的计算复杂性，在此基础上提出快速概率分析进化算法的概念和算法模型。文中给出了Bayes网络作为概率模型，爬山算法作为快速搜索技术的算法实例，实验结果验证了快速概率进化算法是具有很好的性能。Abstract：This paper discusses the probabilistic model evolutionary algorithms which are a class o
17、f new algorithms proposed recently. After introducing the original and the principles of these classes of algorithms, the paper analyzes the complex computation caused by the complex models. Based on this, a new fast evolutionary algorithm based on probabilistic models is proposed. Also, a fast algorithm which uses the Bayes network model combined with the climbing-hill searching is realized. The experimental results show that the new algorithm has quick, reliable and accurate performance.,
