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1、如何排除四级阅读理解中的干扰项（二） 发表日期： 2010 年 6 月 12 日 年度：09-10 期刊：41 【编辑录入：ell】 天津城市建设学院 叶敏上一期我们讲到观点态度题干扰项的特点选项中含贬义词及不置可否的词。下面我们来看一道例题。例题 4As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (火器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb
2、 Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one. “The Constitution,” said the associations spokesman, “gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesnt spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be ab
3、le to buy it to protect themselves.”“Dont you think its dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?” “The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a lock
4、ed cabinet and the fuse (导火索 ) separately in a drawer.” “Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody.” The spokesman said, “Hydrogen bombs dont kill people people kill people. The bomb is for self- protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody kn
5、ows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, theyre going to think twice about breaking in.” “But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder (侵入者)
6、.” “Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.”Q: From
7、 the tone of the passage we know that the author is _.A) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety B) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs C) not serious about the private ownership of H-bombs D) concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons(CET-4, 20
8、04.6.)分析：该题是观点态度题，要求根据文章内容判断作者的态度。本文是一篇新闻报道类的文章，作者针对是否应该广泛拥有氢弹的问题，用直接引语的形式呈现了正反两方面的观点，并没有表明自己的看法。但是作者对该事件报道的方式以及报道该事件本身都足以说明作者对此事十分关注，所以正确答案是 D )。A )、B）、C）选项中的doubtful, unhappy 和 not serious 符合观点态度题干扰项的特点，都应排除。五、主旨大意题干扰项的特点（1）选项中的信息在文章中被提及，可能是某一自然段的大意，但并非整篇文章的主旨。（2）概括范围太宽，超出文章涉及的内容(归纳过头)，或包含没有涉及的信息。
9、（3）与文章内容毫不相干或相悖。例题 5 Most episodes of absent- mindedness forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent encoded it deeply.”Encoding, Schacter explains, is a sp
10、ecial way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and dont pay attention to what you did because youre involved in a conversation, youll probably f
11、orget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜 ). “Your memory itself isnt failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didnt give your memory system the information it needed.”Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 ye
12、ars ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue
13、 is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table dont leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Q: What is the passage mainly about?A) The process of gradual memory l
14、oss.B) The causes of absent-mindedness.C) The impact of the environment on memory.D) A way of encoding and recalling.(CET-4, 2002.6.)分析：该题是主旨大意题。这类题目比较容易作答。一般来说，只要在阅读短文时，抓住文章的主题句，正确理解其意思，再与选项中的信息对号入座，就能确定正确选项了。文章首段首句便是主题句：Most episodes of absent-mindedness . are caused by a simple lack of attention
15、.随后几段分别探讨了导致精力不集中的各种原因，所以 B）为正确选项。干扰项 A）与文章内容毫不相干，文中没有谈到。 C）中的信息虽然在文章第三段中被提及，但它不是文章的主旨。文中提到 encoding 是一种 pay attention to an event 的方式（way ），但没有谈论怎样encoding，所以 D）选项也不对。小试牛刀Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a cr
16、edit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities, the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses, each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years to get the degree. It is possible to spread th
