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1、高州教育论坛 http:/ 收集整理 欢迎使用第 1 页 共 8 页教师考试语法复习十三：形容词和副词比较级和最高级及其使用形容词的比较级和最高级说 明 例 词一般情况 加 er, est smaller,smallest以 e 结尾 加 r,st larger,largest单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est以 辅音字母+y 结尾的词改 y 为 i，再加 er,est busier,busiest重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加er,estfatter,fattest以 ow,er 结尾的双音节词 加 er ,est narrower,narrowes
2、tcleverer,clevest多数双音节和多音节的词 加 more most more beautiful,most important副词的比较级和最高级1大多数以 ly 结尾的副词前加 more 和 most 来构成比较级和最高级。2少数单音节副词，加 er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。几个特殊的形容词和副词原级 比较级 最高级good ,well better bestbad, ill, badly worse worstmany ,much more mostlittle less leastfar farther, further farthest,furtherold ol
3、der, elder oldest, eldest比较级和最高级的常用句型 名称 句型 例句相等 as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.不及 not as(so) 原形 as (not asso +名词+ 原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.超越 the +比较级+
4、of the two两者中较 的一个 He is the taller of the two.用于否定 no +比较级+than 和一样不 He is no richer than I.他和我一样不富有。用于否定 最不过 His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。高州教育论坛 http:/ 收集整理 欢迎使用第 2 页 共 8 页程度递增 er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越) higher and higher more and more important 两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the+比较级（越，越）The q
5、uicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较the +最高级 +of/in+比较范围（之中最）Of all things in the world, people are the precious.比较级结构的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.John is almost as tall as you.The river is three times as long as
6、 that one.We have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比较级前many, a few (用于more +可数名词前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.Its cold this year, but its eve
7、n colder last year.We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于形容词和最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/secondThis hat is by far the largest in the world.Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .位置与功能高考重点要求1掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法2掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。3注意
8、多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。4分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。此项语法内容从 1991 年到达 2001 年间共出现 45 次（包括上海题） ，可见其重要。形容词作用与位置1定语。 在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。 县官行令杀国才。这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词物主代词、指示代词数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等）龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella
9、做后置定语。修饰由不定代词 no ,any, some ，every 和 one,thing 等构成的复合词或形容词短语。2表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。常见系动词有：be 变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go保持系词： keep ,remain, stay感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.高州教育论坛 http:/ 收集整理 欢迎使用第 3 页 共 8 页3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。He went to bed
10、, cold and hungry. 4.做宾补。N：某些以 a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语well, ill faint某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。复合形容词的形式问题。an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man副词位置1）时间副词和
11、地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.2) 表频率的时间副词是高考的热点always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之 后。He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.3) 程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough 除外）He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to sc
12、hool.N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以 ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。以 ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飞得高，具有可见性）练习、形容词和副词高考题选：1. John has three sist
13、ers. Mary is the _ of the three. (MET88)A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer2. The students are_ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88)A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most3. She told us _story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88)A. such an interestin
14、g B. such interesting aC. so an interesting D. a so interesting4. It is impossible for so_ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88)A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many5. The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did. (MET88)A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D.
15、 as fast as6. The story sounds_ . (MET89)A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true7. Id been expecting _ letters the whole morning, but there werent _ for me. (MET89)A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none8. This year they have produced _ grain _ they did last year. (MET89)A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90) 高州教育论坛 http:/ 收集整理 欢迎使用第 4 页 共 8 页A. as twice many B. as many twiceC. twice as many
