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1、全国高考英语短文改错题汇编第 1 页本资料来源于七彩教育网http:/高考英语短文改错题技巧点拨短文改错旨在测试考生发现、判断和纠正错误的能力，主要考查考生在词法、句法、惯用法和行文逻辑等方面在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，因此考点综合性强，覆盖面广，错项设置类型多，是历年高考英语中的难题。为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所分析，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。我从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。短文改错口诀：句子成分多分析，动词形态，名词数， ，认清是
2、形还是副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法短语要牢记住；逻辑错误须关注。一、句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都依赖我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：1. They curious about everything in the world and - were2. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. which第一例漏掉了谓语动词 were，这是汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是对定语从句的关系代词与关系副词它在句子中的成分不懂，where 是副词，不能作主
3、语。二、 动词形态：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. isNow my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。三、 名词数指名词单、复数形式及可数名词和不可数名词的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：so th
4、at Ill get good marks in all my subject. subjects全国高考英语短文改错题汇编第 2 页常考名词：information, knowledge, pleasure, success, message 等。四、形容词和副词词性辨别：区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。 这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. wonderfulUnfortunate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately需
5、要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的 wonderful 作定语修饰 time，第二句的Unfortunately 作状语修饰整个句子。五、 非谓动词细辨别：这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：1in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interested2 Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also pl
6、aying3 My parents love me and will do all they can make sure to上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。六、 习惯用法、短语要牢记：主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and ofWe must keep in mind that
7、 we play for the team instead ourselves. of七、 逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. theirFirst, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉 more no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someo
8、ne at home reads instead. everyone上述第一例中的主语是 Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩） ，因此后面的 his 不合逻辑。第二例中的 more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端， “我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用 everyone。全国高考英语短文改错题汇编第 3 页八、除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词 but, and, or，hhowever, otherwise,that, what 和 so 等的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误） ，以及
9、冠词的用法错误等。例如：She was smiling but nodding at me. andIt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. orWe may be one family and live under a same roof. the下面是全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做，然后参阅题后的答案与简析。Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichuan. As e
10、veryone knows, its famous 76. _Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _the mountain, the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _climbed the mountain, we ed monkeys, visiting temples 80. _and told stories. On the
11、way up I was busy taking picture 81._since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _head
12、touched the pillow.答案与简析：76. famous 前加上 a。 （名词数） 。 77. 正确 78. we 前面加 when，引导一个时间状语从句。 （句子成分多分析） 79. themus （逻辑错误须关注） 80. visitingvisited（非谓动词细辨别） 81. picturepictures （名词数） 82. passespassed（动词形） 83. 去掉 down（习惯用法要记住） 84. andbut（but, and, or 和 so） 85. 去掉 at（句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住） 。下面再次让我们熟悉一下短文改错的设错规律：错误类型
13、包括缺词、多词和错词。其中1 行正确，9 行需要改正。正确 1 1 1 1多一词 2 1 2 1缺一词 2 2 1 1错一词 5 6 6 7难度系数 0.44 0.42 0.47 0.46短文改错常见错误类型1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点 常见动词错误类型有全国高考英语短文改错题汇编第 4 页 一般现在时与一般过去时错用； and 前后动词时态不一致; 主谓不一致; 缺少动词,特别是 be 动词; 第三人称单数形式错用; 主动语态和被动语态错用。1） They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devot
14、e all my time to my studies.（did 改为 do 错误类型属于 ）2） As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为 visited 错误类型属于)3） There will an important game next month.(will 后加 be 错误类型属于)4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( 主谓不一
15、致)2. 名词的常见错误单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。 Ill get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改为 subjects） Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为 words） Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges 改为knowledge）3. 连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词 and/ or/but 等（一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ） I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (错用了 who 的所有格形式改为whose) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but 改为 and) Clever as she is, but she works very hard. When I was a child, rain was
