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1、初中英语学习必备一、动词+介词 1look at看,look like 看上去像, look after 照料 2listen to听 3welcome to欢迎到 4say hello to 向问好 5speak to对说话 此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。如: This is my new bike. Please look it after.() This is my new bike. Please look after it.() 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类: A动词(vt.)+副词 1put on 穿上
2、2take off 脱下 3write down 记下 此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。试比较: First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. () First listen to the answer, then write down it.() First listen to the answer, then write it down.() B动词(vi)+副词。 1come on 赶快 2get up 起床 3go home
3、 回家 4come in 进来 5sit down 坐下 6stand up 起立 此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组 1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games 【二】、介词短语聚焦 “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将 Unitsl-16 常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。 1in+ 语言/颜色/衣
4、帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着。如:in English,in the hat 2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade 等,表示“在排/队/ 班级/年级”等。 3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。 4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。 5in the tree 表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”; 如:There are some in the tree.on the tree 表示“ 在树上 (为树本身所有)”。 如:There are m
5、any apples on the trees. 6in the wall 表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”; on the wall 表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。如:如:Therere four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无 the。 8at + 时刻表示钟点。如:at six, at half , past ten. 9like this/that 表示方式,意为 “像这/那样”。 10of 短语表示 所属关系。
6、 如:a picture of a classroom, a map of China. 11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。 如:beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree. 12from 与 to 多表示方向,前者意为“ 从”,后者意为 “到”。如:from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work. 另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如: on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle
7、, in the sky, on ones bike 等。 【三】、重点句型大回放 1I think意为 “我认为”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用 I dont think,如:I think hes Mr Zhinag. (L17)I dont think you are right. 2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把给”,动词 give 之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用 give it/ them to sb. 如: His parents give him a nice purse./His
8、 parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57) 3take sb./ sth. to意为“ 把(送)带到” ,后常接地点,也可接人。如: Please take the new books to the classroom. 4One, the other/One isand one is意为“一个是 ;另一个是” ,必须是两者中。如:One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red, the other is grey. 5Let sb. do sth. 意为“ 让某人做某事” ,人后
9、应用不带 to 的动词不定式;其否定式为 Dont let sb,do sth.,或 Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Lets 与 Let us 的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内。 如:Lets go for a walk./Let us try once more, please. 6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事” 前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换。 如:Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.
10、7What about?/How about?意为“怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about 为介词,其后须接名词、代词或 V-ing 等形式。如:What/How playing chess? 8Its time to do/ Its time for sth. 意为“该做的时间了”其中 to 后须接原形动词,for 后可接名词或 V-ing 形式。如:Its time to have supper. =Its time for supper. 9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”如:Li Lei and his frien
11、ds like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,试比较: Tom likes swimming, but doesnt like to swim this afternoon. 10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人( 不要)做某事”,其中 ask sb.后应接动词不定式,如: Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44) 11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用
12、法同前面第 2 点。如: Show your friend your family photo.(L36 )/Show your family photo to your friend. 12introduce sb. to sb. 意为 “把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。如:Introduce your family to her. 【四】、重点短语快速复习 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. eitheror或者或者,不是就是 3. neithernor既不也不 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中
13、国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因而著名 8. on ones way to 在途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital 生病住院 10. at the end of 在的尽头,在的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make ones way to往 (艰难地)走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先,第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noi
14、se 吵闹,喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室 23. at the head of在的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢,抛散 26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和吵架【五】、(按字母序)短语总复习 A ask sb about doing sth ask sb to do s
15、th 要求某人做某事 agree to do sth 同意做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 (sb.)be allowed to do sth (某人)被允许做某事 B be interested in doing sth 乐忠于做某事 be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth. = be afraid to do sth by doing sth 通过做某事的方法 /依据此事做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 C consider doing sth 考虑做某事 cant stand doing sth 不能忍受做某事. D do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力去做某事 drop doing sth do well in doing sth 在某方面做的好 decide to do sth 决定做某事 E end up doing sth enjoy doing sth 对某事感到兴趣 F forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记已做过的事 f