句子成分分析高考复习专用或者英语入门专用

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1、句子成分句子成分是指构成句子的各个组成部分,即 词和词组在句子中的各种 语法意义。句子成分主要有主 语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。另外,一些句子还有一些其他的成分,如同位语、呼 语、插入语等主语(subject ) :主语是指句子 谈论的主题, 说明的人或事物。也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体。 主主 语语 可以用下可以用下面面 这这 些些 东东 西表示:西表示:1.名词;2. 代词; 3. 数词;4. 动名词;5. 不定式;6. 词组或复合结构;7. 从句;8. 名词化的其他词类The sun rises in the east. ( ) He likes dancing. ( )

2、Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. ( ) To see is to believe. ( ) What he needs is a book. ( )It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ( )谓语(predicate) : 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。通常由动词的各种形式来充当。并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致。We study English. He is asleep. 1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动

3、词短语来充当 She got here at six. (动词)2.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成的The girl felt cold. He is a teacher.3.有些谓语由“情态动词+动词原形”构成Can you speak French? We must be careful.4.如果不及物动词作谓语,则 不可以直接加宾语,但可以在不及物动词后加介词再跟宾语We should depend on ourselves, not others. (depend 为不及物动词)表语(predicative) : 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 (常见的系动词有: b

4、e, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来, smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉) .He is a teacher. ( ) Seventy-four! You dont look it. ( )Five and five is ten. ( ) He is asleep. ( ) His father is in. ( ) The picture is on the wall. ( )My watch is gone / missing / lost. ( )To wear a flower is to

5、 say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. ( )The question is whether they will come. ( )It sounds a good idea. ( ) The sound sounds strange. ( )Her voice sounds sweet. ( ) Tom looks thin. ( )The food smells delicious. ( ) The food tastes good. ( )The door remains open. ( ) Now I feel tired. ( )宾语(objective)

6、 :表示动作、行为的对象,和及物 动词 一起说明主语做什么,分 为直接宾语和间接宾语两种。宾语宾语 可以用下面可以用下面 这这 些些 东东 西表示:西表示:1.名词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4. 动名词;5. 不定式;6. 复合结构;7. 从句;8. 名词化的形容词及其他词类-How many do you want? -We need two. (数词)Did you write down what she said?(从句) Remember to close the window. (不定式)1)动作的承受者-动宾I like China. ( ) He hates you. ( )Ho

7、w many do you need? We need two. ( )We should help the old and the poor. ( ) I enjoy working with you. ( )I hope to see you again. ( ) Did you write down what he said? ( )2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake? ( ) Under the snow, there are many rocks. ( )3) 双宾语-间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a boo

8、k yesterday. Offer the poor man some money.补语 (complement) :补语用于补充说明其他的句子成分,有主语补语与宾语补语。主语补语可以用下面东西来表示:1.形容词 2.名词 3.动词不定式 4.分词宾语补语可以用下面东西来表示:1.名词 2.形容词 3.动词分词 4.动词不定式 5.介词短语或副词宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. ( ) We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. ( )We will make them happy. (

9、 ) We found nobody in. ( )Please make yourself at home. ( ) Dont let him do that. ( )His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. ( )Dont keep the lights burning. ( ) Ill have my bike repaired. ( ) 主补:对主语的补充。He was elected monitor. ( ) She was found singing in the next room. ( )He was advi

10、sed to teach the lazy boy a lesson. ( )He died young. ( ) She was called Lucy. ( )He was seen to go upstairs. ( )定语 (attributive) : 用于限定名用于限定名 词词 或代或代 词词, 表示人或事物的性表示人或事物的性 质质 、特征、所属。定 语语 一般位于所限定的一般位于所限定的 词词 之前,其数和格之前,其数和格必必 须须 与被限定的与被限定的 词词 相一致。定 语语 可以用下面可以用下面 这这 些些 东东 西表示:西表示: 1.形容词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4.

11、名词或名词所有格;5. 分词;6. 不定式;7. 介词短语;8. 副词;9. 词组或合成词;10. 从句Mr. Zhang is a chemistry teacher.( ) He is our friend. ( )We belong to the third world. ( ) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.( )The man over there is my old friend.( ) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( )The boys playing

12、 football are in Class 2. ( )The trees planted last year are growing well now. ( ) I have an idea to do it well. ( )You should do everything that I do. ( )状语 (adverbial) :用来修饰 v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 状状 语语 可以用下面可以用下面 这这 些些 东东 西表示:西表示:1.副词;2. 介词短语;3. 不定式;4. 分词;5. 形容词;6. 词

13、组;7. 复合结构;8. 从句I will go there tomorrow. () The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.()The meat went bad because of the hot weather. ()He studies hard to learn English well.()He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. ()I like some of you very much. ()If you study hard, you will pass the

14、exam. ()He goes to school by bike. ()Though he is young, he can do it well. ()同位语(apposition) :同位语指两个或两个以上的词语,指同一个事物,作为同一个句子成分。This is my cousin, Helen. 这是我的表妹,海伦。独立成分 :感叹词、应答词、呼语、插入语等,在句中可作独立成分,用逗号与其他成分隔开。主语补语可以用下面东西来表示:1.感叹词 2.呼语 3.插入语Oh, my god! (感叹词) Come in, Mr Green. This , I think, is the best

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