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1、形容词或形容词短语作状语一、形容词或形容词短语作状语，表示方式或伴随，说明谓语动作的方式，它在句子中有时像非限制性分句一样，表示意义上的增补。其逻辑主语是句子的主语。在这种情况下，其位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，有时也可位于句中。 Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.(= Crusoe, who was full of fear, stared at the footprint.)克鲁索两眼盯着脚印看，满心恐惧。 Flushed and breathless, she bounded in through the gate. 她满脸通红气
2、喘吁吁从大门口跑了进来。 二、形容词或形容词短语可以作原因状语，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句子中间。 Afraid of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant.(=As he was afraid of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant.)由于害怕挨骂，小弗朗兹一时起了逃学的念头。 Eager to improve farming conditions, they tried out this n
3、ew crop on a large area.(=As they were eager to improve farming conditions, they tried out the new crop on a large area.) 由于急于改进耕作条件，就大面积地试种了这种新庄稼。 Tom, very ill, sent for a doctor.(=As Tom was very ill, he sent for a doctor.) 因为汤姆病得很厉害，派人请医生去了。 三、形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示时间和条件。通常位于句首，也可位于句末。 Ripe, these ap
4、ples are sweet.(=When/If these apples are ripe, they are sweet.) 熟了的时候这种苹果很甜。 Enthusiastic, they are quite cooperative.(=When/If they are enthusiastic, they are cooperative. ) 热心的时候他们是很合作的。 四、形容词或形容词短语可以作让步状语，常由一个形容词或连词 or 连接的两个或两个以上的并列形容词构成。一般位于句首，有时也可位于句中。 Right or wrong, he always comes off worst
5、 in an argument because of his inability to speak coherently.(=Whether he is right or wrong, he always comes off worst because of his inability to speak coherently.) 无论有理还是无理，由于他语言条理欠佳总是把事情弄得最糟。 Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.(=Whether it was wet or fine, he got up at six
6、and took a walk in the park.) 不管天晴还是下雨他总是六点起床在公园里散散步。 The two accidents, tragic, seemed natural enough. (=Though they were tragic, the two accidents seemed natural enough.) 尽管两场事故损失惨重，然而是必然的。 五、形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示结果和状态等意义。它在句中的位置比较灵活。 For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just
7、happened. 她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。 One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds. 有一位女人醒着躺在床上，静听着那疾驰而过的大风。 They stayed in the snow for several days, cold and hungry. 他们在雪地里呆了几天，又冷又饿。 六、形容词或形容词短语可以作状语, 表示说话人的态度和看法。它通常位于句首。 Worse still, the lion could even carry off the baby in it
8、s mouth.更糟糕的是，狮子甚至可能把婴儿叼走。 Surprising, there are five SARS patients in his family. 真惊人，他一家就有五位“非典” 病人。 Necessary, young people can speak good English. 年轻人会说通顺的英语是必要的。动词不定式与现在分词作结果状语时的区别：前者表出乎预料的结果，常被 only 或 just 所修饰，如：only/ justtov.；而后者现在分词 (短语) 多表示顺其自然的结果，具有“因果关系”的结果如： 动词不定式作结果状语I hurried to his ho
9、use, only to find him out.我急急忙忙赶到他家，结果却发现他不在家。The Arab woke up to find that his camel had put his head inside the tent （不定式作结果状语）阿拉伯人醒来时发现他的骆驼把头伸进了他的帐篷。What have I said to make you so excited?我说了什么使你这么激动？He woke up to find everybody gone.他醒了过来，结果发现大家都走了。He studied hard only to fail.他学习很努力，但却不及格。现在分词
10、作结果状语如： His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。 Her parents moved to Shanghai, leaving the house to her.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.他的父母都死了，结果剩下他一个孤儿。 European football is played in 80 countries _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 析： making it 其形式相当于定语从句 which makes it the most popular sport in the world 的简化形式。故 A 项为正确答案。
