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1、1专题 01 Great scientist一、重点词汇考点 1 【教材原句】John Snow defeats “king cholera”.约翰.诺斯战胜了“霍乱王” 。defeat vt.战胜，打败；（使）受挫；n.失败；击败【归纳拓展】defeat/beat的宾语都是某个人或某个集体 ( sb/ a team/ a class/ a school/ an army )。而 win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，宾语多是 game,match,race,election,prize.考点 2 【教材原句】John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso e
2、xpert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰.斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。attend v.照顾；护理；专心；注意 vt.出席；参加【归纳拓展】attend (to) sb照料/关怀某人attend to sth处理/专心于某事辨析 join, attend, join in, take part in易混词(组) 辨析 例句join 指加入某个组织或团体，如军队、团队、政党等 I decided to join the army.我决定去参
3、军。attend 指参加会议或仪式，如参加婚礼、葬礼、典礼或上课、上学、听报告等join in 侧重指与某人一起做某事，结构为 join (sb) in sth.take part in 指参加一些大型的、正式的或有组织的活动，并起到重要作用I often attend meetings and sometimes I take part in/join in the discussion.我经常出席会议，有时参加会议的讨论。考点 3 【教材原句】But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people expos
4、ed to cholera.但当他一想到帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。2expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光；使接触；使体验【归纳拓展】exposeto使暴露于；使遭受；使冒险be exposed to暴露于；接触考点 4 【教材原句】Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，一步了解它的治疗方法。cure n.治愈；痊愈； v.治愈（某人） ；解决（问题）【归纳拓展】a cure for治愈cure sb of sth治好某人的病辨析 cure与 treat易混词 辨析 搭配 一言辨异cure 强调
5、“结果” ，即“治愈” cure sb of sthtreat 强调“过程” ，即“治疗” treat sb for sthThe doctor treated her headache with a new medicine, but didnt cure her.医生用一种新药为她治头疼，但没有把她治好。宾语结构为 sb of sth的常见动词有：warn sb of sth警告某人某事 rob sb of sth抢劫某人的某物 inform sb of sth通知某人某事 rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某事 cure sb of sth治愈某人的某种疾病 convince sb o
6、f sth说服某人某事 cheat sb of sth欺骗某人某事 accuse sb of sth指控某人某事 remind sb of sth使某人想起某事；提醒某人某事 suspect sb of sth 怀疑某人做过某事考点 5 【教材原句】The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.第一种看法时霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。suggest v.暗示，表明；提议，建议【归纳拓展】(1)注意 suggest的宾语从句既可以用虚拟语气，还可用陈述语气：suggest作“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用“（shoul
7、d）+动词原形” ；作“表明”讲时，其宾语从句用陈述语气。表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词后面接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形，这类动词主要有：一个坚持：insist3二道命令：order，command三条建议：suggest，advise，propose四点要求：demand，desire，request, require(2)suggest sth to sb/ suggest to sb sth表示“向某人建议某事” 。suggest 不能接双宾语。类似不能接双宾语的动词还有：explain（解释） ，announce（通知，宣布） ，report（报告，报
8、道）等。(3)建议（某人）做某事：suggest（ones/one）doing sth考点 6 【教材原句】The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法时人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒带入体内。absorb v. 吸收；吸引，使专心，使全神贯注【归纳拓展】英语中表示“全神贯注于/专注于”的短语有：put ones heart into, focus/concentrate on, be lost in, be deep in, devote onesel
9、f to考点 7 【教材原句】John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.约翰.斯诺认为第二种看法时正确的，但他需要证据。suspect v.认为；怀疑； n.嫌疑犯【归纳拓展】suspect sb to be怀疑某人suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人（做过）某事suspect that怀疑考点 8 【教材原句】It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。blame vt.责备，谴责，把归咎于& n.过失；责备
10、【归纳拓展】blame sb for (doing) sth因（做）某事责备某人blameon把归咎于 be to blame (for)（因）应受谴责， （因）应负责任（主动表被动）bear/ take the blame for 对负责4put/ place/ lay the blame for sth on sb将某事归咎于某人考点 9 【教材原句】The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.自来水公司接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。instruct vt.
11、命令；指示；教导【归纳拓展】instruct sb in sth教授某人某事instruct sb to do sth命令某人做某事as instructed按照指示instruction n.指示；命令（pl.）说明书；使用指南instructor n.教员，指导者 instructive adj. 有益的；有教育意义的2、重点短语考点 1put forward 提出（意见、建议、观点等） ；提前；把（时钟）往前拨；推荐，提名【教材原句】Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？【归纳拓展】put down放下；镇压；写下
12、put away 收拾好；储存putin force使生效 putinto practice实施，实行put off推迟 put on穿上；上演；假装 put out扑灭；生产 put up举起；搭建；张贴；留住宿put up with容忍 put aside把撇开不理，不考虑考点 2Draw a conclusion 得出结论【归纳拓展】conclusion n.结论；结束arrive at/ come to/ reach/ draw a conclusion得出结论make a conclusion下结论；结束in conclusion总而言之 conclude v. 结束；推断出conc
13、lude (sth.) with用结束（某事）5concludefrom从中推断出to conclude=in conclusion总之考点 3lead to 导致；引起；通往【教材原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the center of the solar system.虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字， 然而他所有的数学计算都得出一个结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。【归纳拓展】
14、“导致；引起”的表达：lead to; contribute to; bring about; cause; result in考点 4make sense 讲得通；有意义（反义词组：make no sense）【教材原句】Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.【归纳拓展】make sense of sth理解/明白某事in no sense决不There is no sense in dong sth做某事是没有道理/意义的。三、经典句型考点 1 “
15、Only+状语”位于句首，句子或主句要用部分倒装语序【教材原句】Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。【句法分析】 “Only+状语”位于句首，句子或主句要用倒装语序。【归纳拓展】(1)only修饰的状语，如不位于句首，则不用倒装。The aim will be achieved only after a bitter struggle. 只有经过艰苦的奋斗，目标才能达到。(2)only修饰
16、状语从句时，从句不可倒装。Only when did he return did we find out the truth. ()Only when he returned did we find out the truth.( )6(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。Only can he answer the question. ()Only he can answer the question. ( )(4)辨析：易混词组 辨析 例句only if 意为“只要，只有” ，通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句Only if I get a job will I have enough money to by a new car.我只有找到了工作再有足够的钱买一辆新车。if only 意为“但愿，要是就好了” ，常引导
