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1、定语,就是用来修饰名词的句子成分。所以,定语的位置就是在名词周围,也就是说,要么在名词前面,要么在名词后面,只有这两种情况。 定语可以是词,短语,句子。 当定语是词时,用形容词,放在所修饰名词的前面,这一点和汉语完全一样,是不用记的!介词短语作定语The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.(in the classroom 修饰名词 boy;of yours 修饰名词 pen)/教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。The boy in blue is Tom.(in blue 修饰名词 boy)/ 穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。There are two
2、boys of 9,and three of 10.(of 9、of10 修饰名词 boy)/ 有两个 9 岁的,三个 10 岁的男孩。名词作定语The boy needs a ball pen.(ball 修饰名词 pen)/男孩需要一支圆珠笔。It is a ball pen.(ball 修饰名词 pen)/ 这是一支圆珠笔。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.(the pencil box 修饰名词 ball pen )/这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.(there 修饰名词 b
3、oy)/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。The best boy here is Tom.(best 修饰名词 boy)/这里最棒的男孩是 Tom。不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.( to write this letter 修饰名词 boy)/写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。The boy to write this letter is Tom.(to write this letter 修饰名词 boy)/ 将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。There is nothing to do today.(to do 修饰名词 nothing)/今天没有
4、事要做。分词(短语)作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.( smiling 修饰名词boy;bought by his mother 修饰名词 pen)/ 那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。The pen bought by her is made in China.(bought by her 修饰名词 pen;bought by her 修饰名词 pen)/她买的笔是中国产的。There are five boys left.(five 修饰名词 boy;left 修饰名词 boy)/ 有五个留下的男孩。定语从句The
5、 boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.(who is reading 修饰名词 boy;which you bought yesterday 修饰名词 pen)/ 那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。The boy you will know is Tom.(you will know 修饰名词 boy)/你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。There are five boys who will play the game.(who will play the game 修饰名词 boy)/参加游戏的男孩有五个。定语的位置
6、一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。1)定语前置在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为 :限定词,形容词、分词、 动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前,我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为:限好美小高状其新,颜色国料用途亲:限定词(一般指数量);A famous American university. A purple velvet curtains An elegant German clockAn interesting little
7、red French oil painting. A new plastic bucket.2)定语后置(1)短语作定语一般后置He gave me a basket full of eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master. 英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.最难教的男生都在他的班里了。(2)修饰 some,any,no ,every 等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置Lets go so
8、mewhere quiet. 咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。There is nothing important in todays newspaper. 今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗 ?Could you tell me something imporpant?(3)副词作定语The people here are very friendly. 这里的人很友好。They lived in the room above.他们住在楼上的房间。(4)动词、名词转化而来的以-able,-ible 结尾的形容词作定语
9、He is a person dependable. 他是一个可以依靠的人This is the only transportation means available. 这是唯一可行的交通工具。3) 定语从句英语里有大量的定语从句,而汉语里却没有定语从句的说法。英语中定语从句中甚至还可能包含定语从句,即多重定语从句。如: A healthy diet includes enough but not too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properl
10、y. (健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但又不过多。这些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养)(1)英语的复合句中,分句 以其主句为基干, 通过连接手段 ,一层一层地展开,就好像一棵树的树干上长出大枝子,大枝子上再长出小枝子。汉语的分句则更多按照时间发生的顺序出现,依次展开。定语从句即指在主从复合句用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词,对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词,引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。根据从句与主句关系的紧密程度,定语从句又分为限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰
11、一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系副词有: when, where, why 等。关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想
12、见的人吗?(who/that 在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that 在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同 of which 互换), 例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)