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1、5.2 介词介词用于名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前，表示词语间语义关系的，指明其后面的宾语和前面的名词或动词的关系。有些词既可用作介词也可用作连词，区别在于：介词后面跟名词，连词后面跟从句。如：Tortoise was very happy as he flew among the birds, and he was soon chosen as the man to speak for the party because he was a great orator. 乌龟飞在鸟儿们中间，非常高兴，由于他擅长演说，很快就被推选为大伙儿的发言人。(B3-U1-L28) - 第一个 as 是连
2、词，第二个是 as 介词。有些词既可用作介词也可用作副词，区别在于：介词有宾语，副词无宾语。如：When everything had been set before the guests, one of the people of the sky came forward and tasted a little from each pot. 等所有的菜肴在客人们面前摆好后，一位天上来的人走上前来，把每样菜肴都尝一口。 (B3-U1-L48) (句中 before 为介词)Most people today feel proud to have built a society that tre
3、ats the races, sexes, and economic classes more equally than ever before. 今天已建成了一个比以往任何时候都更加平等地对待不同种族、性别及经济阶层的社会，大多数人为此感到自豪。 (B3-U2-L57) （句中 before为副词）5.2.1 介词的分类1简单介词：由一个单词构成的介词，常用的有：above, about, across, after, against, along, among, at, before, below, behind, beneath, beside, besides, between, be
4、yond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, opposite, outside, over, past, since, through, throughout, till, toward(s), under, up, within, with, without 等。2复杂介词：由两个或两个以上单词构成的介词，如：due to, except for, out of, together with, previous to, prior to, thanks to, up
5、 to, by means of, by way of, for the sake of, in the event of, on the point of, with a view to, irrespective of, because of, as for, as to, ahead of, according to, in front of, on top of 等。如：Wives, on the other hand, may waste huge amounts of money because they are angry at their husbands. 另一方面，妻子因对
6、丈夫有气而浪费大量钱财。(B1-p42-L8)According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. 按心理学家的说法，许多人是购物成癖的人。(B1-p42-L16)Note: 复杂介词的搭配都是固定的，一般不可随意变更。同一个名词与不同的介词搭配所表达的意义往往不同，名词前的限定词语不同也会影响介词短语的意义。因此，学习者应把这些固定搭配的介词短语作为一个意义单位记忆。以由 time 构成的几个固定搭配为例。on time按时，准时 ；in time及时，迟早，过一段时间；in good time留有充分的时间，提前；
7、at no time决不； in no time立即，马上；at times有时；宾 for a time一度，短时间内，for the time being暂时 。如：Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. 美国人认为做一名礼貌的客人首要的一点就是要准时。(B1-p71-L1)At first it grieved them to do so; but in time they got used to it. 刚开始时他们还很伤心，可后来就慢慢地习惯了。(B1-p128-L25)
8、There were barriers still, it is true, but barriers that could in time be swept away. 诚然，障碍依然存在，但那是一些假以时日终究会被消除的障碍。(B2-U5-L55)We arrived at the airport in good time for the plane.我们提前到达机场赶上了那个航班。 At no time did I tell you that you could use my car. 我根本没说过你可以用我的车。Jed got the car fixed in no time at a
9、ll. 杰德马上就把车修好了。At times, she feels discouraged and at other times, optimistic. 有时她感到悲观失望，有时她又感到很乐观。For a time the police thought she might be guilty. 警方一度认为她可能有罪。Youll have your own office soon but for the time being youll have to share one. 你很快就会有自己的办公室，不过你暂时还得和别人合用一间。5.2.2 介词在句中的位置1介词通常位于名词或代词前，如：
10、What I learned changed my life as a corporate executive. 我所学到的东西改变了我作为公司主管人员的一生。(B3-U10-L7)Good-bye. It was so nice of you to have me. 再见，感谢你的盛意邀请。(B1-p72-L53)2 介词在下列结构中可放在句尾：介词+whom/which/what/whose 结构位于句首的疑问句；形容词从句中位于 that /whom /which 之前的介词；wh- 名词性从句中；动词不定式作状语或定语。如：Whose mother do you think Im ta
11、lking about? 你认为我在谈论谁的母亲呢？(B1-p52-L19) -介词+whose 结构位于句首的疑问句 Who was that lady I saw you with last night? 昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的女士是谁？(B3-U3-L38) -介词+whom 结构位于句首的疑问句 The people of the sky set before their guests the most delectable dishes (that) Tortoise had ever seen or dreamed of. 天上的人在客人们面前摆上了乌龟从未见过或梦到过的美味
12、佳肴。(B3-U1-L43) -形容词从句中位于 that 之前的介词There are dozens of mind-body techniques for you to choose from. 你可以选择的身心疗法有几十种。(B1-U7-L36) - 动词不定式作状语或定语3 在不及物动词 +介词结构中，介词须紧跟动词后，宾语不能置于动词和介词之间，如：An American who fell off his bike was very angry when on-looking Chinese laughed at him. 从自行车上掉下来的美国人对站在一边笑的中国人很生气。(B1-
13、p76-L10)5.2.3 介词词组介词后通常可接名词、代词、数词、-ing 分词、疑问词+带 to 的不定式、名词性从句（一般不接 that 引导的从句）等。如：Emotions do change with age. 人的情绪回随着年龄的增长而变化。 （B4-U1-L17 ）I know you would have expected nothing less from us. (B3-p484-L81) 我知道这正是你对我们的期望。Lencho showed not the slightest surprise on seeing the bills. 兰休看到钱一点儿也不吃惊。(B1-
14、p136-L81)Social scientists have exploded some myths about whos happy and whos not by identifying predictors of happiness and life satisfaction. 社会科学家通过辨别与幸福和人生的满足有关的迹象，推翻了一些关于哪些人幸福、哪些人不幸福的错误观念。 （B4-U1-L13）5.2.4 介词短语在句中的作用介词与其宾语构成介词短语，在句中主要用作状语、后置定语、主语补足语、宾语补足语等成分。修饰动词、名词、全句。如：They were all nationall
15、y known and were all good role models for our youth to follow. 他们都曾经是全国皆知的人物，也是我们的年轻人仿效的好榜样。(B3-U11-L23) (作后置定语)They chose to fly home on an empty stomach. 他们宁可空着肚子飞回去。 (B3-U1-L60) （作状语）Activities at different stages of life may be of very different kinds. 不同的生活阶段会有不同类型的活动。 (B3-U9-L57) （作主语补足语）Goods
16、 must be of marketable quality. 商品质量必须合格。(B1-p156-L4) （作主语补足语）And Sham Shemagi answered from behind the curtain. 萨姆舍玛琪在垂帘后回答。 (B1-p128-L42)（作另一介词的宾语）5.2.5 介词与其它词类的搭配关系介词与其它词类的搭配是英语学习的一个重要方面。不同的介词和不同的词语搭配会产生不同的词义，对此，学习者要特别注意。1与动词的搭配关系1）许多动词往往要和介词搭配使用以表达某一的含义；许多动词和不同的介词搭配使用可以表达不同的含义。如：Manners make us aware that everything we have derives from a source. 礼貌使我们意识到，我们所拥有的一切都是有来源的。(B3-U2-L69)Compaq benefits from creating opportunities for employees
