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1、1,化合物的英文命名,Nomenclature of compounds,2,一 无机物的命名 (Inorganic compounds)1 元素与单质的命名,“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。,3,S-block Element,IA H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium K Potassium Rb Rubidium Cs Cesium Fr Francium,IIABe BerylliumM
2、g MagnesiumCa CalciumSr StrontiumBa BariumRa Radium,4,P-block Element,VIA VIIA 0 He HeliumO Oxygen F Fluorine Ne NeonS Sulfur Cl Chlorine Ar ArgonSe Selenium Br Bromine Kr KryptonTe Tellurium I Iodine Xe XenonPo Polonium At Astatine Rn Radon,IIIA IV A V A B Boron C Carbon N Nitrogen Al Aluminium Si
3、Silicon P Phosphorus Ga Gallium Ge Germanium As Arsenic In Indium Sn Tin Sb Antimony Tl Thallium Pb Lead Bi Bismuth,5,Common Transition Elememt,Fe : iron Mn : manganese Cu: copper Zn: zinc Hg: mercury Ag: silver Au: gold,6,2化合物的命名,化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读，这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前缀 (1)mono-,(2)di -,(3)tri
4、- ,(4)tetra ,(5)penta- (6)hexa-,(7)hepta-, (8)octa-,(9)nona-,(10)deca-,但是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。,7,Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts,1. Single valence ions Cations name = Elementfor example: Na+ Sodium Al3+ Aluminum K+ Potassium Ca2+ Calcium,8,2.Multivalence ions,Cations na
5、me = Element(N)For example: Fe2+ Iron(II) or Ferrous Fe3+ Iron(III) or Ferric Cr2+ Chromium(II) Cr3+ Chromium(III) Mn4+ Manganese(IV) Mn2+ Manganese(II),9,对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更 多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic表示高价。如 FeO: iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide Fe2O3: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide Cu2O: c
6、opper(I) oxide 或cuprous oxide CuO: copper(II) oxide或cupric oxide,10,Naming nonmetal ions (anions),1. Monatomic anions Anions name = Elements root -ide For example: Cl- Chloride O2- Oxide Br- Bromide OH- Hydroxide I- Iodide CN- Cyanide S2- Sulfide H- Hydride,11,2. Polyatomic oxyanions,(1). Acid radic
7、als for normal salt (正酸根 -ate ) Anions name = Central Elements root -ate for example: ClO3- Chlorate IO3- Iodate PO43- Phosphate NO3- Nitrate SO42- Sulfate CO32- Carbonate,12,(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite ),Anions name = Central elements root -ite for example: ClO2- Chlorite IO2- Iodit
8、e PO33- Phosphite NO2- Nitrite SO32- Sulfite,13,(3). Acid radicals for hypo-salts (次酸根 -ite ),Anions name = Hypo- Central elements root -ite for example: ClO- Hypochlorite IO- Hypoiodite PO23- Hypophosphite,14,(4). Acid radicals for persalts (高酸根Per -ate ),Anions name = Per-central Elements root -at
9、efor example: ClO4- Perchlorate IO4- Periodate MnO4- Permanganate,15,Naming compounds,1. Metal oxide Metal oxide = Cation + oxidefor example: FeO Iron(II) oxide (Ferrous oxide) Fe2O3 Iron(III) oxide (Ferric oxide) Fe3O4 Ferroferric oxide Pb3O4 Trilead tetroxide Na2O2 Sodium peroxide,16,2. Nonmetal o
10、xide,Nonmetal oxide = n-Nonmetal element + n-oxide for example: CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide SO3 Sulfur trioxide N2O3 Dinitrogen trioxide P2O5 Diphosphorus pentoxide N2O4 Dinitrogen tetroxide (tetra-,mono-后缀中的a,o在后一o之前省去)有些物质常用俗称,如NO: nitric oxide N2O: nitrous oxide,17,非金属氢化物,除了水和氨气使用俗称wate
11、r，ammonia以外，其它的非金属氢化物都用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。 （1）对于卤族和氧族氢化物，在化学式中写在前面，因此将其看成与另一元素的二元化合物。 举例： HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chloride HBr hydrogen bromide HI hydrogen iodide H2S hydrogen sulfide H2Se hydrogen selenide H2Te hydrogen telluride （2）对于其它族的非金属氢化物，在化学式中写在后面，可加后缀-ane，氮族还可加-ine 举例： PH3: phosphine或phosphane AsH3: arsine或arsane SbH3: stibine或stibane BiH3: bismuthane CH4: methane SiH4: silane B2H6: diborane,
